Cambodia: Forest Cover, 2005
| Total Land Area (ha) | 17,652,000 | | Total Forest Area (ha) | 10,447,000 | | Percent Forest Cover | 59.18% | | Primary Forest Cover (ha) | 322,000 | | Primary Forest, % total forest | 3.08% | | Primary Forest, % total land | 1.82% | | Other wooded land (ha) | 270,000 |
Cambodia : Forest types
| Tropical (% forest area) | 100% | | Subtropical (% forest area) | 0% | | Temperate (% forest area) | 0% | | Boreal/polar (% forest area) | 0% |
Cambodia: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
| Primary forest (ha | %) | 322,000 | 3.1% | | Modified natural (ha | %) | 10,066,000 | 96.4% | | Semi-natural (ha | %) | - | 0.0% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | 59,000 | 0.6% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | - | - |
Cambodia: Change in Forest Cover
| TOTAL FOREST COVER | | Forest 1990 (ha) | 12,946,000 | | Forest 2000 (ha) | 11,541,000 | | Forest 2005 (ha) | 10,447,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (140,500) | -1.09% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (218,800) | -1.90% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (2,499,000) | -19.30% | | Change in rate (%) | 74.69% | | PRIMARY FOREST COVER | | Primary 1990 (ha) | 766,000 | | Primary 2000 (ha) | 456,000 | | Primary 2005 (ha) | 322,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (31,000) | -4.05% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (26,800) | -5.88% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (444,000) | -57.96% | | Change in rate (%) | 45.22% | | OTHER WOODED LAND | | Other 1990 (ha) | 335,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 298,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 270,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (3,700) | -1.10% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (5,600) | -1.88% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (65,000) | -19.40% | | Change in rate (%) | 70.14% | | PLANTATIONS | | Other 1990 (ha) | 67,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 72,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 59,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 500 | 0.75% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (2,600) | -3.61% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (8,000) | -11.94% | | Change in rate (%) | -583.89% | TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations | | Other 1990 (ha) | 13,214,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 11,767,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 10,658,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (144,700) | -1.10% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (221,800) | -1.88% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (2,556,000) | -19.34% | | Change in rate (%) | 72.13% |
Cambodia: Primary
| Primary or "old-growth" vegetation | | Primary Forest 2005 (ha) | 322,000 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | - | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 322,000 | | Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area) | 1.82% |
Cambodia: Forest designation
| Ownership of forest land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 100.0% | | Private (%) | 0.0% | | Other (%) | 0.0% | | Ownership of other wooded land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 100.0% | | Private (%) | 0.0% | | Other (%) | 0.0% | | Designated functions of forest � primary function 2005 | | Production (%) | 32.3% | | Protection (%) | 3.9% | | Conservation (%) | 21.3% | | Social Services (%) | 0.9% | | Multiple Services (%) | 3.9% | | None of Unknown (%) | 37.8% |
Cambodia: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
| Forest Area annually affected by | | Fire (%) | - | | Insects (ha) | - | | Diseases (ha) | - | | Other (ha) | - |
Cambodia: Protected areas
| Protected areas | | Biosphere reserves, 2005 | 1 | Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 2005 | 3 | | World Heritage sites, 2004 | 1 | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land | 20.5% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land | 3.04% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 2004 | 17.68% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 2004 | 2.23% |
Cambodia: Biodiversity - Wildlife
| Amphibians | | total species | 11 | | endemic species | 3 | | threatened species | 3 | | Birds | | total species | 521 | | endemic species | 5 | | threatened species | 24 | | Mammals | | total species | 127 | | endemic species | 0 | | threatened species | 23 | | Reptiles | | total species | 116 | | endemic species | 3 | | threatened species | 10 | | Wildlife diversity | | total species | 775 | | endemic species | 11 | | threatened species | 60 |
Cambodia: Biodiversity - Plants
| Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | - | | Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | - | | Number of Native tree species | | | Native tree species | 862 | | Number of tree species in IUCN red list | | Critically Endangered | | 10 | | Endangered | 13 | | Vulnerable | 9 | | Vascular Plant Species, 2004 | | Total | | | Number endemic | 0 | | Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004 | | Species threatened | 31 |
Cambodia: Value of forests
| Biomass stock in forest, 2005 | | Above-ground biomass (M t) | 1,904 | | Below-ground biomass (M t) | 628 | | Dead wood (M t) | 279 | | Total (M t) | 2,811 | | Carbon stock in forest, 2005 | | Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t) | 952 | | Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t) | 314 | | Carbon in dead wood (M t) | 139 | | Carbon in litter (M t) | 21 | | Soil carbon (M t) | - | | Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr) | | 1990-2000 | -14,900 | | 2000-2005 | -22,200 | | Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr) | | 1990-2000 | -0.11 | | 2000-2005 | -0.11 | | Wood removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m) | - | | Wood fuel (1000 cubic m) | - | | Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m) | - | | Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock) | - | | Plant products 2005 | | Food (t) | - | | Fodder (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t) | - | | Ornamental plants (t) | - | | Exudates (t) | 39,661 | | Other plant products (t) | - | | Animal products 2005 | | Living animals (units) | - | | Hides, skins and trophies (units) | - | | Wild honey and bee-wax (t) | - | | Bush meat (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Other edible animal products (t) | - | | Other non-edible animal products (t) | - | | Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (US$) | - | | Wood fuel (US$) | - | | Non-wood forest products (US$) | $21,586,000 | | Total value (US$) | $21,586,000 | | Total value ($USD/ha) | $2 | | Employment in forestry 2000 | | Total people employed | 17,000 |
Cambodia : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
| Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 9,737 | | Imports | - | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 9,737 | | Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 125 | | Imports | - | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 125 | | Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 5 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 5 | | Consumption | 0 | | Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 37 | | Imports | 10 | | Exports | 37 | | Consumption | 10 | | Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 0 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | - | | Consumption | 0 | | Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 0 | | Imports | 30 | | Exports | - | | Consumption | 30 |
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Cambodia: Environment
| Environment - current issues | illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea | | Natural hazards | monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts |
Cambodia: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 20.96%
permanent crops: 0.61%
other: 78.43% (2001) | | Natural resources | oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential |
Cambodia: Economy
| Economy - overview: | In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, the government made progress on economic reforms. The United States and Cambodia signed a Bilateral Textile Agreement, which gave Cambodia a guaranteed quota of US textile imports and established a bonus for improving working conditions and enforcing Cambodian labor laws and international labor standards in the industry. From 2001 to 2004, the economy grew at an average rate of 6.4%, driven largely by an expansion in the garment sector and tourism. With the January 2005 expiration of a WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, Cambodia-based textile producers were forced to compete directly with lower priced producing countries such as China and India. Economic growth slowed to an estimated 3.8% in 2005, due to sharply higher competitive pressures in the garment industry and early droughts in 14 of 24 provinces. Faced with the possibility that that its vibrant garment industry, with more than 200,000 jobs, could be in serious danger, the Cambodian government has committed itself to a policy of continued support for high labor standards in an attempt to maintain favor with buyers. The tourism industry continues to grow rapidly, with foreign visitors surpassing one million for the year by September 2005. The long-term development of the economy remains a daunting challenge. The Cambodian government continues to work with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs. In December 2004, official donors pledged $504 million in aid for 2005 on the condition that the Cambodian government implement steps to reduce corruption. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. More than 50% of the population is 20 years or younger. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fully 75% of the population remains engaged in subsistence farming. | | GDP - per capita | $2,100 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 4% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 32.9%, industry: 29.2%, services: 37.9% (2004) | | Industries | tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles | | Economic aid - recipient | $504 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2005 by international donors | | Debt - external | $800 million (2003 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 40% (2004 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 75% (2004 est.) |
Cambodia: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 13,607,069 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.81% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 77.1 | | Percent rural (2003) | 81.4% | | Median age (years) | total: 19.91 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 3.44 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4% |
Largest Cities in Cambodia
Cities and urban areas in Cambodia with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Phnom Penh | Cambodia | 1133800 | 1133800 |
| Batdambang | Cambodia | 195000 | 195000 |
| Siem Riep | Cambodia | 142300 | 142300 |
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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