Chile: Forest Cover, 2005
| Total Land Area (ha) | 74,880,000 | | Total Forest Area (ha) | 16,121,000 | | Percent Forest Cover | 21.53% | | Primary Forest Cover (ha) | 4,142,000 | | Primary Forest, % total forest | 25.69% | | Primary Forest, % total land | 5.53% | | Other wooded land (ha) | 13,241,000 |
Chile : Forest types
| Tropical (% forest area) | 0% | | Subtropical (% forest area) | 54% | | Temperate (% forest area) | 45% | | Boreal/polar (% forest area) | 0% |
Chile: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
| Primary forest (ha | %) | 4,142,000 | 25.7% | | Modified natural (ha | %) | 9,292,000 | 57.6% | | Semi-natural (ha | %) | 26,000 | 0.2% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | 2,661,000 | 16.5% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | - | 0.0% |
Chile: Change in Forest Cover
| TOTAL FOREST COVER | | Forest 1990 (ha) | 15,263,000 | | Forest 2000 (ha) | 15,834,000 | | Forest 2005 (ha) | 16,121,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 57,100 | 0.37% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 57,400 | 0.36% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 858,000 | 5.62% | | Change in rate (%) | -3.10% | | PRIMARY FOREST COVER | | Primary 1990 (ha) | 4,152,000 | | Primary 2000 (ha) | 4,145,000 | | Primary 2005 (ha) | 4,142,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (700) | -0.02% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (600) | -0.01% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (10,000) | -0.24% | | Change in rate (%) | -14.14% | | OTHER WOODED LAND | | Other 1990 (ha) | 16,065,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 13,806,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 13,241,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (225,900) | -1.41% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (113,000) | -0.82% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (2,824,000) | -17.58% | | Change in rate (%) | -41.79% | | PLANTATIONS | | Other 1990 (ha) | 1,741,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 2,354,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 2,661,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 61,300 | 3.52% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 61,400 | 2.61% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 920,000 | 52.84% | | Change in rate (%) | -25.92% | TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations | | Other 1990 (ha) | 29,587,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 27,286,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 26,701,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (230,100) | -0.78% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (117,000) | -0.43% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (2,886,000) | -9.75% | | Change in rate (%) | -44.86% |
Chile: Primary
| Primary or "old-growth" vegetation | | Primary Forest 2005 (ha) | 4,142,000 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 0 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 4,142,000 | | Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area) | 5.53% |
Chile: Forest designation
| Ownership of forest land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 24.9% | | Private (%) | 73.1% | | Other (%) | 2.0% | | Ownership of other wooded land, 2000 | | Public (%) | - | | Private (%) | - | | Other (%) | - | | Designated functions of forest � primary function 2005 | | Production (%) | 45.3% | | Protection (%) | 30.0% | | Conservation (%) | 13.7% | | Social Services (%) | 0.0% | | Multiple Services (%) | 11.1% | | None of Unknown (%) | - |
Chile: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
| Forest Area annually affected by | | Fire (%) | 0.18% | | Insects (ha) | 3.35% | | Diseases (ha) | 5.12% | | Other (ha) | - |
Chile: Protected areas
| Protected areas | | Biosphere reserves, 2005 | 7 | Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 2005 | 9 | | World Heritage sites, 2004 | 3 | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land | 3.5% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land | 1.85% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 2004 | 1.66% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 2004 | 0.05% |
Chile: Biodiversity - Wildlife
| Amphibians | | total species | 50 | | endemic species | 36 | | threatened species | 20 | | Birds | | total species | 445 | | endemic species | 34 | | threatened species | 32 | | Mammals | | total species | 159 | | endemic species | 18 | | threatened species | 22 | | Reptiles | | total species | 121 | | endemic species | 57 | | threatened species | 0 | | Wildlife diversity | | total species | 775 | | endemic species | 145 | | threatened species | 74 |
Chile: Biodiversity - Plants
| Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | 40.50% | | Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | 78.60% | | Number of Native tree species | | | Native tree species | 123 | | Number of tree species in IUCN red list | | Critically Endangered | | 0 | | Endangered | 6 | | Vulnerable | 23 | | Vascular Plant Species, 2004 | | Total | 5284 | | Number endemic | 2698 | | Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004 | | Species threatened | 40 |
Chile: Value of forests
| Biomass stock in forest, 2005 | | Above-ground biomass (M t) | 3,243 | | Below-ground biomass (M t) | 649 | | Dead wood (M t) | 739 | | Total (M t) | 4,631 | | Carbon stock in forest, 2005 | | Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t) | 1,622 | | Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t) | 324 | | Carbon in dead wood (M t) | 370 | | Carbon in litter (M t) | 136 | | Soil carbon (M t) | 780 | | Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr) | | 1990-2000 | 22,420 | | 2000-2005 | 22,640 | | Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr) | | 1990-2000 | 1.05 | | 2000-2005 | 1.01 | | Wood removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m) | 32,964 | | Wood fuel (1000 cubic m) | 15,903 | | Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m) | 48,867 | | Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock) | 3 | | Plant products 2005 | | Food (t) | - | | Fodder (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t) | - | | Ornamental plants (t) | - | | Exudates (t) | - | | Other plant products (t) | - | | Animal products 2005 | | Living animals (units) | - | | Hides, skins and trophies (units) | - | | Wild honey and bee-wax (t) | - | | Bush meat (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Other edible animal products (t) | - | | Other non-edible animal products (t) | - | | Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (US$) | $758,289,000 | | Wood fuel (US$) | $92,874,000 | | Non-wood forest products (US$) | - | | Total value (US$) | $851,163,000 | | Total value ($USD/ha) | $53 | | Employment in forestry 2000 | | Total people employed | 54,000 |
Chile : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
| Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 12,326 | | Imports | - | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 12,326 | | Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 25,491 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 512 | | Consumption | 24,979 | | Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 6,439 | | Imports | 36 | | Exports | 2,311 | | Consumption | 4,164 | | Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 1,543 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 607 | | Consumption | 936 | | Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 2,687 | | Imports | 29 | | Exports | 2,152 | | Consumption | 564 | | Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 1,177 | | Imports | 318 | | Exports | 402 | | Consumption | 1,093 |
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Chile: Environment
| Environment - current issues | widespread deforestation and mining threaten natural resources; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis |
Chile: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 2.65%
permanent crops: 0.42%
other: 96.93% (2001) | | Natural resources | copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower |
Chile: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade. During the early 1990s, Chile's reputation as a role model for economic reform was strengthened when the democratic government of Patricio AYLWIN - which took over from the military in 1990 - deepened the economic reform initiated by the military government. Growth in real GDP averaged 8% during 1991-97, but fell to half that level in 1998 because of tight monetary policies implemented to keep the current account deficit in check and because of lower export earnings - the latter a product of the global financial crisis. A severe drought exacerbated the recession in 1999, reducing crop yields and causing hydroelectric shortfalls and electricity rationing, and Chile experienced negative economic growth for the first time in more than 15 years. Despite the effects of the recession, Chile maintained its reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating in South America. By the end of 1999, exports and economic activity had begun to recover, and growth rebounded to 4.2% in 2000. Growth fell back to 3.1% in 2001 and 2.1% in 2002, largely due to lackluster global growth and the devaluation of the Argentine peso. Chile's economy began a slow recovery in 2003, growing 3.2%, and accelerated to 6.1% in 2004-05, while Chile maintained a low rate of inflation. GDP growth benefited from high copper prices, solid export earnings (particularly forestry, fishing, and mining), and stepped-up foreign direct investment. Unemployment, however, remains stubbornly high. Chile deepened its longstanding commitment to trade liberalization with the signing of a free trade agreement with the US, which took effect on 1 January 2004. Chile signed a free trade agreement with China in November 2005. Record-high copper prices strengthened the peso to a 5 �-year high, as of December 2005, and will boost GDP in 2006. | | GDP - per capita | $11,300 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 5.9% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | grapes, apples, pears, onions, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, asparagus, beans, beef, poultry, wool; fish; timber | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 6.2%, industry: 46.5%, services: 47.3% (2005 est.) | | Industries | copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles | | Economic aid - recipient | ODA, $0 (2002) | | Debt - external | $44.8 billion (31 October 2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 20.6% (2000) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 13.6%, industry 23.4%, services 63% (2003) |
Chile: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 15,980,912 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 0.97% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 21.3 | | Percent rural (2003) | 13.0% | | Median age (years) | total: 30.07 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 2.02 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | white and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2% |
Largest Cities in Chile
Cities and urban areas in Chile with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Santiago | Chile | 5034500 | 5636800 |
| Puente Alto | Chile | 463800 | 463800 |
| Concepci�n | Chile | 404600 | 978100 |
| Vi�a del Mar | Chile | 358800 | 358800 |
| Temuco | Chile | 321000 | 321000 |
| Valpara�so | Chile | 301700 | 904500 |
| Talcahuano | Chile | 297900 | 297900 |
| Antofagasta | Chile | 277100 | 277100 |
| San Bernardo | Chile | 270100 | 270100 |
| Rancagua | Chile | 235400 | 235400 |
| Arica | Chile | 207000 | 207000 |
| Chill�n | Chile | 203700 | 203700 |
| Talca | Chile | 202700 | 202700 |
| Iquique | Chile | 199800 | 199800 |
| Los �ngeles | Chile | 177300 | 177300 |
| Puerto Montt | Chile | 170400 | 170400 |
| Osorno | Chile | 162100 | 162100 |
| Coquimbo | Chile | 160800 | 160800 |
| Calama | Chile | 153600 | 153600 |
| La Serena | Chile | 150900 | 150900 |
| Valdivia | Chile | 141400 | 141400 |
| Punta Arenas | Chile | 135000 | 135000 |
| Copiap� | Chile | 134700 | 134700 |
| Quilpu� | Chile | 127300 | 127300 |
| Curic� | Chile | 123800 | 123800 |
| Melipilla | Chile | 103300 | 103300 |
| Ovalle | Chile | 101100 | 101100 |
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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