Georgia: Forest Cover, 2005
| Total Land Area (ha) | 6,949,000 | | Total Forest Area (ha) | 2,760,000 | | Percent Forest Cover | 39.72% | | Primary Forest Cover (ha) | 500,000 | | Primary Forest, % total forest | 18.12% | | Primary Forest, % total land | 7.20% | | Other wooded land (ha) | 50,000 |
Georgia : Forest types
| Tropical (% forest area) | 0% | | Subtropical (% forest area) | 41% | | Temperate (% forest area) | 59% | | Boreal/polar (% forest area) | 0% |
Georgia: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
| Primary forest (ha | %) | 500,000 | 18.1% | | Modified natural (ha | %) | 2,200,000 | 79.7% | | Semi-natural (ha | %) | - | 0.0% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | - | 0.0% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | 60,000 | 2.2% |
Georgia: Change in Forest Cover
| TOTAL FOREST COVER | | Forest 1990 (ha) | 2,760,000 | | Forest 2000 (ha) | 2,760,000 | | Forest 2005 (ha) | 2,760,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! | | PRIMARY FOREST COVER | | Primary 1990 (ha) | 500,000 | | Primary 2000 (ha) | 500,000 | | Primary 2005 (ha) | 500,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! | | OTHER WOODED LAND | | Other 1990 (ha) | 53,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 51,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 50,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (200) | -0.38% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (200) | -0.39% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (3,000) | -5.66% | | Change in rate (%) | 3.92% | | PLANTATIONS | | Other 1990 (ha) | 54,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 60,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 60,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 600 | 1.11% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 6,000 | 11.11% | | Change in rate (%) | -100.00% | TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations | | Other 1990 (ha) | 2,759,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 2,751,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 2,750,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (800) | -0.03% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (200) | -0.01% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (9,000) | -0.33% | | Change in rate (%) | -74.93% |
Georgia: Primary
| Primary or "old-growth" vegetation | | Primary Forest 2005 (ha) | 500,000 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 0 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 500,000 | | Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area) | 7.20% |
Georgia: Forest designation
| Ownership of forest land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 100.0% | | Private (%) | 0.0% | | Other (%) | 0.0% | | Ownership of other wooded land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 100.0% | | Private (%) | 0.0% | | Other (%) | 0.0% | | Designated functions of forest � primary function 2005 | | Production (%) | 0.0% | | Protection (%) | 78.4% | | Conservation (%) | 8.2% | | Social Services (%) | 13.4% | | Multiple Services (%) | 0.0% | | None of Unknown (%) | 0.0% |
Georgia: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
| Forest Area annually affected by | | Fire (%) | 0.00% | | Insects (ha) | 0.04% | | Diseases (ha) | - | | Other (ha) | - |
Georgia: Protected areas
| Protected areas | | Biosphere reserves, 2005 | | Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 2005 | 2 | | World Heritage sites, 2004 | 3 | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land | 4.2% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land | 3.50% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 2004 | 0.66% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 2004 | 0.14% |
Georgia: Biodiversity - Wildlife
| Amphibians | | total species | 15 | | endemic species | 0 | | threatened species | 1 | | Birds | | total species | 268 | | endemic species | 0 | | threatened species | 8 | | Mammals | | total species | 98 | | endemic species | 0 | | threatened species | 11 | | Reptiles | | total species | 61 | | endemic species | 0 | | threatened species | 7 | | Wildlife diversity | | total species | 442 | | endemic species | 0 | | threatened species | 27 |
Georgia: Biodiversity - Plants
| Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | 76.40% | | Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | 98.20% | | Number of Native tree species | | | Native tree species | 153 | | Number of tree species in IUCN red list | | Critically Endangered | | 0 | | Endangered | 0 | | Vulnerable | 0 | | Vascular Plant Species, 2004 | | Total | 4350 | | Number endemic | 380 | | Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004 | | Species threatened | 0 |
Georgia: Value of forests
| Biomass stock in forest, 2005 | | Above-ground biomass (M t) | 334 | | Below-ground biomass (M t) | 86 | | Dead wood (M t) | 59 | | Total (M t) | 479 | | Carbon stock in forest, 2005 | | Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t) | 167 | | Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t) | 43 | | Carbon in dead wood (M t) | 29 | | Carbon in litter (M t) | 54 | | Soil carbon (M t) | 196 | | Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr) | | 1990-2000 | 2,740 | | 2000-2005 | 2,740 | | Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr) | | 1990-2000 | 0.99 | | 2000-2005 | 0.99 | | Wood removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m) | 140 | | Wood fuel (1000 cubic m) | 478 | | Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m) | 619 | | Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock) | n.s. | | Plant products 2005 | | Food (t) | - | | Fodder (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t) | - | | Ornamental plants (t) | - | | Exudates (t) | - | | Other plant products (t) | - | | Animal products 2005 | | Living animals (units) | - | | Hides, skins and trophies (units) | - | | Wild honey and bee-wax (t) | - | | Bush meat (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Other edible animal products (t) | - | | Other non-edible animal products (t) | - | | Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (US$) | - | | Wood fuel (US$) | - | | Non-wood forest products (US$) | - | | Total value (US$) | - | | Total value ($USD/ha) | $- | | Employment in forestry 2000 | | Total people employed | 7,000 |
Georgia : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
| Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 0 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 1 | | Consumption | 0 | | Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 0 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 56 | | Consumption | 0 | | Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | 3 | | Exports | 18 | | Consumption | 0 | | Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 10 | | Imports | 5 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 20 | | Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 0 | | Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | 6 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 6 |
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Georgia: Environment
| Environment - current issues | air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | earthquakes |
Georgia: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 11.44%
permanent crops: 3.86%
other: 84.7% (2001) | | Natural resources | forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth |
Georgia: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Georgia's main economic activities include the cultivation of agricultural products such as citrus fruits, tea, hazelnuts, and grapes; mining of manganese and copper; and output of a small industrial sector producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, and chemicals. The country imports the bulk of its energy needs, including natural gas and oil products. Its only sizable internal energy resource is hydropower. Despite the severe damage the economy has suffered due to civil strife, Georgia, with the help of the IMF and World Bank, has made substantial economic gains since 1995, achieving positive GDP growth and curtailing inflation. Georgia had suffered from a chronic failure to collect tax revenues, however, the new government is making progress in reforming the tax code, enforcing taxes, and cracking down on corruption. In addition, the privatisation process has taken off, permitting the government to boost expenditures on infrastructure, defence and poverty reduction. Smuggling is a perennial drain on the economy. Georgia also suffers from energy shortages; it privatized the T'bilisi electricity distribution network in 1998, but payment collection rates remain low, both in T'bilisi and throughout the regions. The country is pinning its hopes for long-term growth on its role as a transit state for pipelines and trade. The construction on the Baku-T'bilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline and the Baku-T'bilisi-Erzerum gas pipeline have brought much-needed investment and job opportunities. Nevertheless, high energy prices in 2006 will compound the pressure on the country's inefficient energy sector. Restructuring the sector and finding energy supply alternatives to Russia remains a major challenge. | | GDP - per capita | $3,400 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 10% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | citrus, grapes, tea, hazelnuts, vegetables; livestock | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 16%, industry: 26.8%, services: 57.2% (2005 est.) | | Industries | steel, aircraft, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese and copper), chemicals, wood products, wine | | Economic aid - recipient | ODA $150 million (2000 est.) | | Debt - external | $1.9 billion (2003) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 54% (2001 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 40%, industry 20%, services 40% (1999 est.) |
Georgia: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 4,677,401 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | -0.35% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 67.1 | | Percent rural (2003) | 48.1% | | Median age (years) | total: 37.36 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.41 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Georgian 83.8%, Azeri 6.5%, Armenian 5.7%, Russian 1.5%, other 2.5% (2002 census) |
Largest Cities in Georgia
Cities and urban areas in Georgia with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Tbilisi | Georgia | 1382900 | 1455600 |
| Kutaisi | Georgia | 267300 | 267300 |
| Batumi | Georgia | 144600 | 144600 |
| Zugdidi | Georgia | 104900 | 104900 |
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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