Guinea-Bissau: Forest Cover, 2005
| Total Land Area (ha) | 2,812,000 | | Total Forest Area (ha) | 2,072,000 | | Percent Forest Cover | 73.68% | | Primary Forest Cover (ha) | 940,000 | | Primary Forest, % total forest | 45.37% | | Primary Forest, % total land | 33.43% | | Other wooded land (ha) | 236,000 |
Guinea-Bissau : Forest types
| Tropical (% forest area) | 100% | | Subtropical (% forest area) | 0% | | Temperate (% forest area) | 0% | | Boreal/polar (% forest area) | 0% |
Guinea-Bissau: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
| Primary forest (ha | %) | 940,000 | 45.4% | | Modified natural (ha | %) | 1,132,000 | 54.6% | | Semi-natural (ha | %) | - | - | | Production plantation (ha | %) | - | 0.0% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | - | - |
Guinea-Bissau: Change in Forest Cover
| TOTAL FOREST COVER | | Forest 1990 (ha) | 2,216,000 | | Forest 2000 (ha) | 2,120,000 | | Forest 2005 (ha) | 2,072,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (9,600) | -0.43% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (9,600) | -0.45% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (144,000) | -6.50% | | Change in rate (%) | 4.53% | | PRIMARY FOREST COVER | | Primary 1990 (ha) | 940,000 | | Primary 2000 (ha) | 940,000 | | Primary 2005 (ha) | 940,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! | | OTHER WOODED LAND | | Other 1990 (ha) | 293,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 241,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 236,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (5,200) | -1.77% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (1,000) | -0.41% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (57,000) | -19.45% | | Change in rate (%) | -76.62% | | PLANTATIONS | | Other 1990 (ha) | - | | Other 2000 (ha) | - | | Other 2005 (ha) | 1,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | - | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | - | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | - | | Change in rate (%) | - | TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations | | Other 1990 (ha) | 2,509,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 2,361,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 2,307,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (14,800) | -0.59% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (10,800) | -0.46% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (202,000) | -8.05% | | Change in rate (%) | -22.45% |
Guinea-Bissau: Primary
| Primary or "old-growth" vegetation | | Primary Forest 2005 (ha) | 940,000 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | - | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 940,000 | | Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area) | 33.43% |
Guinea-Bissau: Forest designation
| Ownership of forest land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 84.2% | | Private (%) | 15.8% | | Other (%) | 0.0% | | Ownership of other wooded land, 2000 | | Public (%) | - | | Private (%) | - | | Other (%) | - | | Designated functions of forest � primary function 2005 | | Production (%) | 39.6% | | Protection (%) | 11.7% | | Conservation (%) | 45.4% | | Social Services (%) | 3.4% | | Multiple Services (%) | - | | None of Unknown (%) | - |
Guinea-Bissau: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
| Forest Area annually affected by | | Fire (%) | 1.42% | | Insects (ha) | - | | Diseases (ha) | - | | Other (ha) | - |
Guinea-Bissau: Protected areas
| Protected areas | | Biosphere reserves, 2005 | | Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 2005 | 1 | | World Heritage sites, 2004 | 0 | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land | 0.0% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land | 0.00% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 2004 | 0.00% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 2004 | 0.00% |
Guinea-Bissau: Biodiversity - Wildlife
| Amphibians | | total species | 13 | | endemic species | 1 | | threatened species | 0 | | Birds | | total species | 459 | | endemic species | 0 | | threatened species | 1 | | Mammals | | total species | 101 | | endemic species | 0 | | threatened species | 5 | | Reptiles | | total species | 47 | | endemic species | 4 | | threatened species | 1 | | Wildlife diversity | | total species | 620 | | endemic species | 5 | | threatened species | 7 |
Guinea-Bissau: Biodiversity - Plants
| Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | 25.30% | | Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | 47.80% | | Number of Native tree species | | | Native tree species | 2,243 | | Number of tree species in IUCN red list | | Critically Endangered | | 0 | | Endangered | 0 | | Vulnerable | 4 | | Vascular Plant Species, 2004 | | Total | 1000 | | Number endemic | 12 | | Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004 | | Species threatened | 4 |
Guinea-Bissau: Value of forests
| Biomass stock in forest, 2005 | | Above-ground biomass (M t) | 98 | | Below-ground biomass (M t) | 24 | | Dead wood (M t) | 38 | | Total (M t) | 160 | | Carbon stock in forest, 2005 | | Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t) | 49 | | Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t) | 12 | | Carbon in dead wood (M t) | 19 | | Carbon in litter (M t) | - | | Soil carbon (M t) | - | | Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr) | | 1990-2000 | 0 | | 2000-2005 | -200 | | Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr) | | 1990-2000 | 0.1 | | 2000-2005 | 0.02 | | Wood removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m) | 32 | | Wood fuel (1000 cubic m) | 1,385 | | Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m) | 1,417 | | Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock) | 3 | | Plant products 2005 | | Food (t) | - | | Fodder (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t) | - | | Ornamental plants (t) | - | | Exudates (t) | - | | Other plant products (t) | - | | Animal products 2005 | | Living animals (units) | - | | Hides, skins and trophies (units) | - | | Wild honey and bee-wax (t) | - | | Bush meat (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Other edible animal products (t) | - | | Other non-edible animal products (t) | - | | Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (US$) | $2,000,000 | | Wood fuel (US$) | $15,000,000 | | Non-wood forest products (US$) | - | | Total value (US$) | $17,000,000 | | Total value ($USD/ha) | $8 | | Employment in forestry 2000 | | Total people employed | 56,000 |
Guinea-Bissau : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
| Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 422 | | Imports | - | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 422 | | Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 170 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 7 | | Consumption | 163 | | Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 16 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 16 | | Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 0 | | Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | - | | Exports | - | | Consumption | 0 | | Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 0 |
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Guinea-Bissau: Environment
| Environment - current issues | deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires |
Guinea-Bissau: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 10.67%
permanent crops: 8.82%
other: 80.51% (2001) | | Natural resources | fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite, limestone, unexploited deposits of petroleum |
Guinea-Bissau: Economy
| Economy - overview: | One of the 10 poorest countries in the world, Guinea-Bissau depends mainly on farming and fishing. Cashew crops have increased remarkably in recent years, and the country now ranks sixth in cashew production. Guinea-Bissau exports fish and seafood along with small amounts of peanuts, palm kernels, and timber. Rice is the major crop and staple food. However, intermittent fighting between Senegalese-backed government troops and a military junta destroyed much of the country's infrastructure and caused widespread damage to the economy in 1998; the civil war led to a 28% drop in GDP that year, with partial recovery in 1999-2002. Before the war, trade reform and price liberalization were the most successful part of the country's structural adjustment program under IMF sponsorship. The tightening of monetary policy and the development of the private sector had also begun to reinvigorate the economy. Because of high costs, the development of petroleum, phosphate, and other mineral resources is not a near-term prospect. However, offshore oil prospecting has begun and could lead to much-needed revenue in the long run. The inequality of income distribution is one of the most extreme in the world. The government and international donors continue to work out plans to forward economic development from a lamentably low base. In December 2003, the World Bank, IMF, and UNDP were forced to step in to provide emergency budgetary support in the amount of $107 million for 2004, representing over 80% of the total national budget. Government drift and indecision, however, have resulted in continued low growth in 2002-05. | | GDP - per capita | $800 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 2.8% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | rice, corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, cotton; timber; fish | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 62%, industry: 12%, services: 26% (1999 est.) | | Industries | agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks | | Economic aid - recipient | $115.4 million (1995) | | Debt - external | $941.5 million (2000 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | NA | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 82% (2000 est.) |
Guinea-Bissau: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 1,416,027 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.96% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 50.6 | | Percent rural (2003) | 66.0% | | Median age (years) | total: 18.97 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 4.93 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | African 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1% |
Largest Cities in Guinea-Bissau
Cities and urban areas in Guinea-Bissau with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Bissau | Guinea-Bissau | 288300 | 288300 |
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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