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Hong Kong: Protected areas
| Protected areas | | Biosphere reserves, 2005 | | Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 2005 | 0 | | World Heritage sites, 2004 | 0 | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land | 0.0% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land | 0.00% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 2004 | 15.14% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 2004 | 8.88% |
Hong Kong: Biodiversity - Wildlife
| Amphibians | | total species | 23 | | endemic species | 4 | | threatened species | 3 | | Birds | | total species | 306 | | endemic species | 18 | | threatened species | 20 | | Mammals | | total species | 57 | | endemic species | 2 | | threatened species | 1 | | Reptiles | | total species | 76 | | endemic species | 4 | | threatened species | 1 | | Wildlife diversity | | total species | 462 | | endemic species | 28 | | threatened species | 25 |
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Hong Kong: Environment
| Environment - current issues | air and water pollution from rapid urbanization | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Marine Dumping (associate member) | | Natural hazards | occasional typhoons |
Hong Kong: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 5.05%
permanent crops: 1.01%
other: 93.94% (2001) | | Natural resources | outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar |
Hong Kong: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Hong Kong has a free market, entrepot economy, highly dependent on international trade. Natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be imported. Gross imports and exports (i.e., including reexports to and from third countries) each exceed GDP in dollar value. Even before Hong Kong reverted to Chinese administration on 1 July 1997, it had extensive trade and investment ties with China. Hong Kong has been further integrating its economy with China because China's growing openness to the world economy has made manufacturing in China much more cost effective. Hong Kong's reexport business to and from China is a major driver of growth. Per capita GDP is comparable to that of the four big economies of Western Europe. GDP growth averaged a strong 5% from 1989 to 2005, but Hong Kong suffered two recessions in the past eight years because of the Asian financial crisis in 1997-1998 and the global downturn in 2001-2002. Although the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak also battered Hong Kong's economy, a solid rise in exports, a boom in tourism from the mainland because of China's easing of travel restrictions, and a return of consumer confidence resulted in the resumption of strong growth from late 2003 through 2005. | | GDP - per capita | $36,800 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 7% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | fresh vegetables, poultry, fish, pork | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 0.1%, industry: 10%, services: 89.9% (2005 est.) | | Industries | textiles, clothing, tourism, banking, shipping, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks | | Population below poverty line (%) | NA | | Debt - external | $416.5 billion (30 June 2005 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | manufacturing 7.5%, construction 2.9%, wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels 43.7%, financing, insurance, and real estate 19.2%, transport and communications 7.9%, community and social services 18.5% |
Hong Kong: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 6,898,686 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 0.65% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 6,620.6 | | Median age (years) | total: 39.4 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 0.91 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Chinese 95%, other 5% |
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Hong Kong: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 3,801,300 (2003) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 7,241,400 (2003) | | Roadways (km) | total: 1,831 km
paved: 1,831 km (1999) |
Hong Kong: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 81.5 years
male: 78.81 years
female: 84.41 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 2.97 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 0.1% (2003 est.) |
Hong Kong
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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