Kyrgyzstan: Forest Cover, 2005
| Total Land Area (ha) | 19,180,000 | | Total Forest Area (ha) | 869,000 | | Percent Forest Cover | 4.53% | | Primary Forest Cover (ha) | 241,000 | | Primary Forest, % total forest | 27.73% | | Primary Forest, % total land | 1.26% | | Other wooded land (ha) | 313,000 |
Kyrgyzstan : Forest types
| Tropical (% forest area) | 0% | | Subtropical (% forest area) | 0% | | Temperate (% forest area) | 100% | | Boreal/polar (% forest area) | 0% |
Kyrgyzstan: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
| Primary forest (ha | %) | 241,000 | 27.7% | | Modified natural (ha | %) | 562,000 | 64.7% | | Semi-natural (ha | %) | - | - | | Production plantation (ha | %) | 24,000 | 2.8% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | 42,000 | 4.8% |
Kyrgyzstan: Change in Forest Cover
| TOTAL FOREST COVER | | Forest 1990 (ha) | 836,000 | | Forest 2000 (ha) | 858,000 | | Forest 2005 (ha) | 869,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 2,200 | 0.26% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 2,200 | 0.26% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 33,000 | 3.95% | | Change in rate (%) | -2.56% | | PRIMARY FOREST COVER | | Primary 1990 (ha) | 237,000 | | Primary 2000 (ha) | 240,000 | | Primary 2005 (ha) | 241,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 300 | 0.13% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 200 | 0.08% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 4,000 | 1.69% | | Change in rate (%) | -34.17% | | OTHER WOODED LAND | | Other 1990 (ha) | 283,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 303,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 313,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 2,000 | 0.71% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 2,000 | 0.66% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 30,000 | 10.60% | | Change in rate (%) | -6.60% | | PLANTATIONS | | Other 1990 (ha) | 46,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 59,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 66,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 1,300 | 2.83% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 1,400 | 2.37% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 20,000 | 43.48% | | Change in rate (%) | -16.04% | TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations | | Other 1990 (ha) | 1,073,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 1,102,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 1,116,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 2,900 | 0.27% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 2,800 | 0.25% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 43,000 | 4.01% | | Change in rate (%) | -5.99% |
Kyrgyzstan: Primary
| Primary or "old-growth" vegetation | | Primary Forest 2005 (ha) | 241,000 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | - | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 241,000 | | Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area) | 1.26% |
Kyrgyzstan: Forest designation
| Ownership of forest land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 100.0% | | Private (%) | 0.0% | | Other (%) | 0.0% | | Ownership of other wooded land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 100.0% | | Private (%) | 0.0% | | Other (%) | 0.0% | | Designated functions of forest � primary function 2005 | | Production (%) | 0.0% | | Protection (%) | 78.0% | | Conservation (%) | 7.4% | | Social Services (%) | 1.5% | | Multiple Services (%) | 13.1% | | None of Unknown (%) | 0.0% |
Kyrgyzstan: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
| Forest Area annually affected by | | Fire (%) | 0.00% | | Insects (ha) | 6.99% | | Diseases (ha) | 1.17% | | Other (ha) | - |
Kyrgyzstan: Protected areas
| Protected areas | | Biosphere reserves, 2005 | 2 | Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 2005 | 1 | | World Heritage sites, 2004 | 0 | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land | 3.1% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land | 1.47% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 2004 | 1.58% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 2004 | 0.53% |
Kyrgyzstan: Biodiversity - Wildlife
| Amphibians | | total species | 7 | | endemic species | 0 | | threatened species | 0 | | Birds | | total species | 207 | | endemic species | 0 | | threatened species | 4 | | Mammals | | total species | 58 | | endemic species | 1 | | threatened species | 6 | | Reptiles | | total species | 30 | | endemic species | 1 | | threatened species | 2 | | Wildlife diversity | | total species | 302 | | endemic species | 2 | | threatened species | 12 |
Kyrgyzstan: Biodiversity - Plants
| Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | 76.30% | | Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | 91.00% | | Number of Native tree species | | | Native tree species | - | | Number of tree species in IUCN red list | | Critically Endangered | | 0 | | Endangered | 0 | | Vulnerable | 1 | | Vascular Plant Species, 2004 | | Total | 4500 | | Number endemic | 0 | | Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004 | | Species threatened | 1 |
Kyrgyzstan: Value of forests
| Biomass stock in forest, 2005 | | Above-ground biomass (M t) | 17 | | Below-ground biomass (M t) | 8 | | Dead wood (M t) | - | | Total (M t) | - | | Carbon stock in forest, 2005 | | Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t) | 8 | | Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t) | 4 | | Carbon in dead wood (M t) | - | | Carbon in litter (M t) | - | | Soil carbon (M t) | - | | Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr) | | 1990-2000 | 537 | | 2000-2005 | 536 | | Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr) | | 1990-2000 | 0.56 | | 2000-2005 | 0.54 | | Wood removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m) | 13 | | Wood fuel (1000 cubic m) | 25 | | Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m) | 37 | | Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock) | n.s. | | Plant products 2005 | | Food (t) | - | | Fodder (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | 286 | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t) | - | | Ornamental plants (t) | - | | Exudates (t) | - | | Other plant products (t) | 140 | | Animal products 2005 | | Living animals (units) | 497 | | Hides, skins and trophies (units) | 2,632 | | Wild honey and bee-wax (t) | - | | Bush meat (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | 6 | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Other edible animal products (t) | n.s. | | Other non-edible animal products (t) | - | | Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (US$) | $540,000 | | Wood fuel (US$) | $161,000 | | Non-wood forest products (US$) | - | | Total value (US$) | $701,000 | | Total value ($USD/ha) | $1 | | Employment in forestry 2000 | | Total people employed | 4,000 |
Kyrgyzstan : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
| Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 16 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 16 | | Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 10 | | Imports | 2 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 12 | | Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 6 | | Imports | 37 | | Exports | 2 | | Consumption | 41 | | Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | 76 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 76 | | Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | 2 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 2 | | Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 15 | | Imports | 14 | | Exports | 1 | | Consumption | 28 |
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Kyrgyzstan: Environment
| Environment - current issues | water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | NA |
Kyrgyzstan: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 7.3%
permanent crops: 0.35%
other: 92.35%
note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest (2001) | | Natural resources | abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc |
Kyrgyzstan: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Kyrgyzstan is a poor, mountainous country with a predominantly agricultural economy. Cotton, tobacco, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only tobacco and cotton are exported in any quantity. Industrial exports include gold, mercury, uranium, and natural gas and electricity. Kyrgyzstan has been fairly progressive in carrying out market reforms, such as an improved regulatory system and land reform. Kyrgyzstan was the first CIS country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production had been severe after the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995 production began to recover and exports began to increase. Kyrgyzstan has distinguished itself by adopting relatively liberal economic policies. The drop in output at the Kumtor gold mine sparked a 0.5% decline in GDP in 2002, but GDP growth bounced back to nearly 6% in 2003-05. The government has made steady strides in controlling its substantial fiscal deficit and reduced the deficit to 1% of GDP in 2005. The government and the international financial institutions have been engaged in a comprehensive medium-term poverty reduction and economic growth strategy, and in 2005 agreed to pursue much-needed tax reform. Progress fighting corruption, further restructuring of domestic industry, and success in attracting foreign investment are keys to future growth. | | GDP - per capita | $1,800 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 2% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 37.1%, industry: 21.9%, services: 41% (2005 est.) | | Industries | small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals | | Economic aid - recipient | $50 million from the US (2001) | | Debt - external | $2.428 billion (31 December 2004 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 40% (2004 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 55%, industry 15%, services 30% (2000 est.) |
Kyrgyzstan: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 5,146,281 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.29% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 26.9 | | Percent rural (2003) | 66.1% | | Median age (years) | total: 23.39 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 2.7 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Kyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%, Ukrainian 1%, Uygur 1%, other 5.7% (1999 census) |
Largest Cities in Kyrgyzstan
Cities and urban areas in Kyrgyzstan with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Bishkek | Kyrgyzstan | 808900 | 808900 |
| Osh | Kyrgyzstan | 221300 | 221300 |
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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