Macedonia: Forest Cover, 2005
| Total Land Area (ha) | 2,531,000 | | Total Forest Area (ha) | 906,000 | | Percent Forest Cover | 35.80% | | Primary Forest Cover (ha) | - | | Primary Forest, % total forest | 0.00% | | Primary Forest, % total land | 0.00% | | Other wooded land (ha) | 82,000 |
Macedonia : Forest types
| Tropical (% forest area) | 0% | | Subtropical (% forest area) | 64% | | Temperate (% forest area) | 36% | | Boreal/polar (% forest area) | 0% |
Macedonia: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
| Primary forest (ha | %) | - | 0.0% | | Modified natural (ha | %) | 876,000 | 96.7% | | Semi-natural (ha | %) | - | - | | Production plantation (ha | %) | 30,000 | 3.3% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | - | - |
Macedonia: Change in Forest Cover
| TOTAL FOREST COVER | | Forest 1990 (ha) | 906,000 | | Forest 2000 (ha) | 906,000 | | Forest 2005 (ha) | 906,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! | | PRIMARY FOREST COVER | | Primary 1990 (ha) | - | | Primary 2000 (ha) | - | | Primary 2005 (ha) | - | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | #DIV/0! | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | #DIV/0! | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | #DIV/0! | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! | | OTHER WOODED LAND | | Other 1990 (ha) | 82,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 82,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 82,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! | | PLANTATIONS | | Other 1990 (ha) | 30,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 30,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 30,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! | TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations | | Other 1990 (ha) | 958,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 958,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 958,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! |
Macedonia: Primary
| Primary or "old-growth" vegetation | | Primary Forest 2005 (ha) | 0 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 0 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 0 | | Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area) | 0.00% |
Macedonia: Forest designation
| Ownership of forest land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 78.0% | | Private (%) | 22.0% | | Other (%) | 0.0% | | Ownership of other wooded land, 2000 | | Public (%) | - | | Private (%) | - | | Other (%) | 100.0% | | Designated functions of forest � primary function 2005 | | Production (%) | 82.2% | | Protection (%) | - | | Conservation (%) | - | | Social Services (%) | - | | Multiple Services (%) | - | | None of Unknown (%) | 17.8% |
Macedonia: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
| Forest Area annually affected by | | Fire (%) | 0.33% | | Insects (ha) | - | | Diseases (ha) | - | | Other (ha) | - |
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Macedonia: Biodiversity - Plants
| Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | - | | Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | - | | Number of Native tree species | | | Native tree species | - | | Number of tree species in IUCN red list | | Critically Endangered | | 0 | | Endangered | 0 | | Vulnerable | 0 | | Vascular Plant Species, 2004 | | Total | | | Number endemic | 0 | | Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004 | | Species threatened | 0 |
Macedonia: Value of forests
| Biomass stock in forest, 2005 | | Above-ground biomass (M t) | 33 | | Below-ground biomass (M t) | 8 | | Dead wood (M t) | - | | Total (M t) | - | | Carbon stock in forest, 2005 | | Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t) | 16 | | Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t) | 4 | | Carbon in dead wood (M t) | - | | Carbon in litter (M t) | - | | Soil carbon (M t) | - | | Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr) | | 1990-2000 | 0 | | 2000-2005 | 0 | | Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr) | | 1990-2000 | 0 | | 2000-2005 | 0 | | Wood removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m) | 162 | | Wood fuel (1000 cubic m) | 765 | | Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m) | 927 | | Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock) | 1 | | Plant products 2005 | | Food (t) | - | | Fodder (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t) | - | | Ornamental plants (t) | - | | Exudates (t) | - | | Other plant products (t) | - | | Animal products 2005 | | Living animals (units) | - | | Hides, skins and trophies (units) | - | | Wild honey and bee-wax (t) | - | | Bush meat (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Other edible animal products (t) | - | | Other non-edible animal products (t) | - | | Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (US$) | - | | Wood fuel (US$) | - | | Non-wood forest products (US$) | - | | Total value (US$) | - | | Total value ($USD/ha) | $- | | Employment in forestry 2000 | | Total people employed | 3,000 |
Macedonia : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
| Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 603 | | Imports | 12 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 615 | | Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 112 | | Imports | 2 | | Exports | 8 | | Consumption | 106 | | Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 20 | | Imports | 143 | | Exports | 10 | | Consumption | 153 | | Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 0 | | Imports | 64 | | Exports | 1 | | Consumption | 63 | | Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 0 | | Imports | 1 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 1 | | Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | 18 | | Imports | 44 | | Exports | 9 | | Consumption | 53 |
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Macedonia: Environment
| Environment - current issues | air pollution from metallurgical plants | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | high seismic risks |
Macedonia: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 22.26%
permanent crops: 1.81%
other: 75.93% (2001) | | Natural resources | low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land |
Macedonia: Economy
| Economy - overview: | At independence in September 1991, Macedonia was the least developed of the Yugoslav republics, producing a mere 5% of the total federal output of goods and services. The collapse of Yugoslavia ended transfer payments from the center and eliminated advantages from inclusion in a de facto free trade area. An absence of infrastructure, UN sanctions on the down-sized Yugoslavia, one of its largest markets, and a Greek economic embargo over a dispute about the country's constitutional name and flag hindered economic growth until 1996. GDP subsequently rose each year through 2000. However, the leadership's commitment to economic reform, free trade, and regional integration was undermined by the ethnic Albanian insurgency of 2001. The economy shrank 4.5% because of decreased trade, intermittent border closures, increased deficit spending on security needs, and investor uncertainty. Growth barely recovered in 2002 to 0.9%, then rose by 3.4% in 2003, 2.9% in 2004, and about 4% in 2005. Macedonia has lagged the region in attracting foreign investment and job growth has been anemic. Macedonia has an extensive grey market, estimated to be more than 20 percent of GDP, that falls outside official statistics. | | GDP - per capita | $7,400 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 4% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | wheat, grapes, rice, tobacco, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 11.7%, industry: 32.1%, services: 56.2% (2005 est.) | | Industries | coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco, food processing, buses, steel | | Economic aid - recipient | $250 million (2003 est.) | | Debt - external | $2.207 billion (2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 30.2% (2003 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% |
Macedonia: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 2,045,262 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 0.26% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 82.3 | | Median age (years) | total: 32.8 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.57 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Roma 2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002 census) |
Largest Cities in Macedonia
Cities and urban areas in Macedonia with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Skopje | Macedonia | 448600 | 582200 |
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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