Papua New Guinea: Forest Cover, 2005
| Total Land Area (ha) | 45,286,000 | | Total Forest Area (ha) | 29,437,000 | | Percent Forest Cover | 65.00% | | Primary Forest Cover (ha) | 25,211,000 | | Primary Forest, % total forest | 85.64% | | Primary Forest, % total land | 55.67% | | Other wooded land (ha) | 4,474,000 |
Papua New Guinea : Forest types
| Tropical (% forest area) | 100% | | Subtropical (% forest area) | 0% | | Temperate (% forest area) | 0% | | Boreal/polar (% forest area) | 0% |
Papua New Guinea: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
| Primary forest (ha | %) | 25,211,000 | 85.6% | | Modified natural (ha | %) | 4,134,000 | 14.0% | | Semi-natural (ha | %) | - | - | | Production plantation (ha | %) | 92,000 | 0.3% | | Production plantation (ha | %) | - | - |
Papua New Guinea: Change in Forest Cover
| TOTAL FOREST COVER | | Forest 1990 (ha) | 31,523,000 | | Forest 2000 (ha) | 30,132,000 | | Forest 2005 (ha) | 29,437,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (139,100) | -0.44% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (139,000) | -0.46% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (2,086,000) | -6.62% | | Change in rate (%) | 4.54% | | PRIMARY FOREST COVER | | Primary 1990 (ha) | 29,210,000 | | Primary 2000 (ha) | 26,462,000 | | Primary 2005 (ha) | 25,211,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (274,800) | -0.94% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (250,200) | -0.95% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (3,999,000) | -13.69% | | Change in rate (%) | 0.50% | | OTHER WOODED LAND | | Other 1990 (ha) | 4,474,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 4,474,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 4,474,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! | | PLANTATIONS | | Other 1990 (ha) | 63,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 82,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 92,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | 1,900 | 3.02% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | 2,000 | 2.44% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | 29,000 | 46.03% | | Change in rate (%) | -19.13% | TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations | | Other 1990 (ha) | 35,934,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 34,524,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 33,819,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | (141,000) | -0.39% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | (141,000) | -0.41% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | (2,115,000) | -5.89% | | Change in rate (%) | 4.08% |
Papua New Guinea: Primary
| Primary or "old-growth" vegetation | | Primary Forest 2005 (ha) | 25,211,000 | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | - | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 25,211,000 | | Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area) | 55.67% |
Papua New Guinea: Forest designation
| Ownership of forest land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 3.1% | | Private (%) | 0.0% | | Other (%) | 96.9% | | Ownership of other wooded land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 3.1% | | Private (%) | 0.0% | | Other (%) | 96.9% | | Designated functions of forest � primary function 2005 | | Production (%) | 24.8% | | Protection (%) | - | | Conservation (%) | 4.6% | | Social Services (%) | - | | Multiple Services (%) | 4.9% | | None of Unknown (%) | 65.7% |
Papua New Guinea: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
| Forest Area annually affected by | | Fire (%) | - | | Insects (ha) | - | | Diseases (ha) | - | | Other (ha) | - |
Papua New Guinea: Protected areas
| Protected areas | | Biosphere reserves, 2005 | | Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 2005 | 2 | | World Heritage sites, 2004 | 0 | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land | 0.0% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land | 0.02% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 2004 | 0.00% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 2004 | 0.00% |
Papua New Guinea: Biodiversity - Wildlife
| Amphibians | | total species | 253 | | endemic species | 168 | | threatened species | 10 | | Birds | | total species | 720 | | endemic species | 114 | | threatened species | 33 | | Mammals | | total species | 260 | | endemic species | 63 | | threatened species | 58 | | Reptiles | | total species | 338 | | endemic species | 57 | | threatened species | 9 | | Wildlife diversity | | total species | 1571 | | endemic species | 402 | | threatened species | 110 |
Papua New Guinea: Biodiversity - Plants
| Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | - | | Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | - | | Number of Native tree species | | | Native tree species | - | | Number of tree species in IUCN red list | | Critically Endangered | | - | | Endangered | - | | Vulnerable | - | | Vascular Plant Species, 2004 | | Total | 11544 | | Number endemic | 0 | | Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004 | | Species threatened | 142 |
Papua New Guinea: Value of forests
| Biomass stock in forest, 2005 | | Above-ground biomass (M t) | - | | Below-ground biomass (M t) | - | | Dead wood (M t) | - | | Total (M t) | - | | Carbon stock in forest, 2005 | | Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t) | - | | Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t) | - | | Carbon in dead wood (M t) | - | | Carbon in litter (M t) | - | | Soil carbon (M t) | - | | Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr) | | 1990-2000 | -5,050 | | 2000-2005 | -5,060 | | Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr) | | 1990-2000 | n.s. | | 2000-2005 | -0.01 | | Wood removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m) | 2,001 | | Wood fuel (1000 cubic m) | 6,363 | | Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m) | 8,364 | | Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock) | 1 | | Plant products 2005 | | Food (t) | - | | Fodder (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t) | - | | Ornamental plants (t) | - | | Exudates (t) | - | | Other plant products (t) | - | | Animal products 2005 | | Living animals (units) | - | | Hides, skins and trophies (units) | - | | Wild honey and bee-wax (t) | - | | Bush meat (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Other edible animal products (t) | - | | Other non-edible animal products (t) | - | | Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (US$) | $6,330,000 | | Wood fuel (US$) | - | | Non-wood forest products (US$) | - | | Total value (US$) | $6,330,000 | | Total value ($USD/ha) | $n.s. | | Employment in forestry 2000 | | Total people employed | 11,000 |
Papua New Guinea : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
| Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 5,533 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | - | | Consumption | 5,533 | | Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 1,708 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 1,858 | | Consumption | 0 | | Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 70 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 28 | | Consumption | 42 | | Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 79 | | Imports | 1 | | Exports | 39 | | Consumption | 40 | | Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | - | | Exports | - | | Consumption | 0 | | Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | 16 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 16 |
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Papua New Guinea: Environment
| Environment - current issues | rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects; severe drought | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis |
Papua New Guinea: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 0.46%
permanent crops: 1.44%
other: 98.1% (2001) | | Natural resources | gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries |
Papua New Guinea: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain and the high cost of developing infrastructure. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the population. Mineral deposits, including oil, copper, and gold, account for nearly two-thirds of export earnings. The economy has improved over the past three years, following a prolonged period of instability. Former Prime Minister Mekere MORAUTA had tried to restore integrity to state institutions, to stabilize the kina, restore stability to the national budget, to privatize public enterprises where appropriate, and to ensure peace on Bougainville. Australia annually supplies $240 million in aid, which accounts for 20% of the national budget. Challenges face Prime Minister Michael SOMARE, including gaining further investor confidence, continuing efforts to privatize government assets, maintaining the support of members of Parliament, dealing with widespread crime and corruption, and balancing relations with Australia, the former colonial ruler. | | GDP - per capita | $2,400 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 1.1% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | coffee, cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, tea, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables, poultry, pork | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 35.2%, industry: 38.3%, services: 26.4% (2005 est.) | | Industries | copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and copper; crude oil production; construction, tourism | | Economic aid - recipient | $400 million (1999 est.) | | Debt - external | $1.978 billion (2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 37% (2002 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 85%, industry NA, services NA |
Papua New Guinea: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 5,545,268 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 2.26% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 12.2 | | Percent rural (2003) | 86.8% | | Median age (years) | total: 21.09 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 3.96 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian |
Largest Cities in Papua New Guinea
Cities and urban areas in Papua New Guinea with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Port Moresby | Papua New Guinea | 312300 | 312300 |
| Lae | Papua New Guinea | 105200 | 105200 |
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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