STATISTICS: Russia


Russia

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Russia: Environment
Environment - current issuesair pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and seacoasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of sometimes intense radioactive contamination; groundwater contamination from toxic waste; urban solid waste management; abandoned stocks of obsolete pesticides
Environment - international agreementsparty to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94
Natural hazardspermafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia


Russia: Land use / Resources
Land use (%)arable land: 7.33%
permanent crops: 0.11%
other: 92.56% (2001)
Natural resourceswide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber


Russia: Economy
Economy - overview:Russia ended 2005 with its seventh straight year of growth, averaging 6.4% annually since the financial crisis of 1998. Although high oil prices and a relatively cheap ruble are important drivers of this economic rebound, since 2000 investment and consumer-driven demand have played a noticeably increasing role. Real fixed capital investments have averaged gains greater than 10% over the last five years, and real personal incomes have realized average increases over 12%. Russia has also improved its international financial position since the 1998 financial crisis, with its foreign debt declining from 90% of GDP to around 36%. Strong oil export earnings have allowed Russia to increase its foreign reserves from only $12 billion to some $180 billion at yearend 2005. These achievements, along with a renewed government effort to advance structural reforms, have raised business and investor confidence in Russia's economic prospects. Nevertheless, serious problems persist. Economic growth slowed to 5.9% for 2005 while unemployment and inflation remain high. Oil, natural gas, metals, and timber account for more than 80% of exports, leaving the country vulnerable to swings in world prices. Russia's manufacturing base is dilapidated and must be replaced or modernized if the country is to achieve broad-based economic growth. Other problems include a weak banking system, a poor business climate that discourages both domestic and foreign investors, corruption, and widespread lack of trust in institutions. In addition, a string of investigations launched against a major Russian oil company, culminating with the arrest of its CEO in the fall of 2003, have raised concerns by some observers that President PUTIN is granting more influence to forces within his government that desire to reassert state control over the economy.
GDP - per capita$10,700 (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate (%)5.9% (2005 est.)
Agriculture - productsgrain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk
GDP - composition by sector (%)agriculture: 5%, industry: 35%, services: 60% (2005 est.)
Industries complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries including radar, missile production, and advanced electronic components, shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts
Economic aid - recipientin FY01 from US, $979 million (including $750 million in non-proliferation subsidies); in 2001 from EU, $200 million (2000 est.)
Debt - external$230.3 billion (30 June 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line (%)17.8% (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation (%)agriculture 10.3%, industry 21.4%, services 68.3% (2004 est.)


Russia: Population / Demographics
Population (July 2005)143,420,309
Population growth rate (%) (2005)-0.37%
Population density (people/sq km) (2005)8.4
Median age (years)total: 38.15 years
Total fertility rate (children born/woman)1.27 (2005 est.)
Ethnic groups (%)Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified 12.1% (2002 census)


Largest Cities in Russia

Cities and urban areas in Russia with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.

CityCountryCity PopulationUrban Area Population
MoscowRussia837600012100100
Sankt PeterburgRussia46198004891100
NovosibirskRussia13968001429100
Nizhniy NovgorodRussia13464001918800
YekaterinburgRussia12600001389400
SamaraRussia11500001478300
OmskRussia11379001148300
KazanRussia11095001109500
UfaRussia10949001094900
ChelyabinskRussia10812001211600
RostovRussia10125001248600
PermRussia10025001028400
VolgogradRussia9874001292200
VoronezhRussia905600979300
KrasnoyarskRussia870100910400
SaratovRussia8679001122200
TolyattiRussia727600740100
UlyanovskRussia664800683000
IzhevskRussia652400652400
KrasnodarRussia643000751400
YaroslavlRussia611300611300
KhabarovskRussia606100606100
VladivostokRussia596800619700
IrkutskRussia594200594200
BarnaulRussia575600627500
NovokuznetskRussia556800568400
LipetskRussia530400568700
PenzaRussia530400545300
RyazanRussia526000530400
OrenburgRussia522200538000
Naberezhnyye ChelnyRussia513200513200
TyumenRussia507000507000
TulaRussia497500543300
KemerovoRussia489300526000
AstrakhanRussia488400488400
TomskRussia483800640300
KirovRussia464100501200
CheboksaryRussia460200462000
BryanskRussia455700477600
IvanovoRussia453800453800
TverRussia453800453800
KurskRussia443200443200
MagnitogorskRussia427800427800
KaliningradRussia425200425200
Nizhniy TagilRussia385400385400
Ulan-UdeRussia370800370800
SochiRussia366100366100
KurganRussia364400364400
MurmanskRussia361000361000
ArhangelskRussia355500355500
SmolenskRussia351900351900
BelgorodRussia348200348200
StavropolRussia346800346800
OryolRussia343700343700
KalugaRussia336800336800
MahackalaRussia336500336500
VladimirRussia336100336100
CherepovecRussia324800324800
VladikavkazRussia313100313100
SaranskRussia311800311800
TambovRussia309200309200
ChitaRussia306400306400
VologdaRussia303500303500
KostromaRussia288900288900
Komsomolsk-na-AmureRussia286600286600
VolzhskiyRussia286300286300
TaganrogRussia282700282700
PetrozavodskRussia281500281500
BratskRussia280800280800
SurgutRussia275300275300
DzerzhinskRussia273700273700
OrskRussia273400273400
SterlitamakRussia267000267000
AngarskRussia263400263400
Yoshkar-OlaRussia248600248600
RybinskRussia236100236100
NalchikRussia233900233900
ProkopyevskRussia233500233500
NizhnevartovskRussia230300230300
Velikiy NovgorodRussia227900227900
SyktyvkarRussia227800227800
NizhnekamskRussia226100226100
BiyskRussia223800223800
BlagoveshchenskRussia223700223700
SeverodvinskRussia223500223500
ShahtyRussia220200220200
Staryy OskolRussia218500218500
ZelyenogradRussia211100211100
NovorossiyskRussia205700205700
BalakovoRussia205100205100
PskovRussia198700198700
ZlatoustRussia195300195300
YakutskRussia192500192500
PodolskRussia192300192300
EngelsRussia189200189200
SyzranRussia188900188900
Kamensk-UralskiyRussia188800188800
Petropavlovsk-KamchatskiyRussia188800188800
NovocherkasskRussia183300183300
BereznikiRussia180800180800
Yuzhno-SahalinskRussia179500179500
VolgodonskRussia176700176700
AbakanRussia171100171100
MaykopRussia167900167900
ArmavirRussia166700166700
MiassRussia165900165900
LyubercyRussia163200163200
RubtsovskRussia160400160400
KovrovRussia158700158700
SalavatRussia156900156900
MytishchiRussia155900155900
NahodkaRussia155500155500
UssuriyskRussia155500155500
KolomnaRussia149500149500
ElektrostalRussia145900145900
KolpinoRussia143600143600
AlmetyevskRussia140900140900
MuromRussia140800140800
DimitrovgradRussia137500137500
NovomoskovskRussia136000136000
PervouralskRussia135700135700
NorilskRussia134800134800
PyatigorskRussia134400134400
NevinnomysskRussia134200134200
HimkiRussia132900132900
BalashihaRussia132200132200
KorolyovRussia131500131500
SerpuhovRussia130200130200
OdincovoRussia126500126500
Orehovo-ZuyevoRussia124300124300
GroznyyRussia123300123300
KamyshinRussia123300123300
KislovodskRussia123200123200
NovocheboksarskRussia123000123000
CherkesskRussia122600122600
AchinskRussia120600120600
NazranRussia120300120300
YeletsRussia119800119800
MichurinskRussia117900117900
Velikiye LukiRussia115500115500
NeftekamskRussia115300115300
MagadanRussia115000115000
OktyabrskiyRussia112100112100
Leninsk-KuzneckiyRussia112000112000
Sergiyev PosadRussia110200110200
ArzamasRussia109900109900
NovotroitskRussia109600109600
KiselyovskRussia108400108400
ObninskRussia108100108100
GlazovRussia106100106100
KanskRussia106000106000
SolikamskRussia105400105400
ElistaRussia105000105000
SarapulRussia104900104900
MezhdurechenskRussia104100104100
Ust-IlimskRussia103500103500
KyzylRussia103300103300
Usolye-SibirskoyeRussia102600102600
VotkinskRussia101100101100
NovoshahtinskRussia100900100900




 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
 Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
 Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
 Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
 RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
 World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
 The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
 Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
 With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com



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