Russian Federation

47.9% —or about 808,790,000 hectares—of Russian Federation is forested. Of this, 31.6% —or roughly 255,470,000 hectares—is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse form of forest.

Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2000, Russian Federation gained an average of 31,800 hectares of forest per year. The amounts to an average annual reforestation rate of 0.00%. Between 2000 and 2005, the rate of forest change decreased by 400.5% to 0.01% per annum. In total, between 1990 and 2005, Russian Federation lost 0.0% of its forest cover, or around 160,000 hectares. Russian Federation lost 13,744,000 hectares—0—of its primary forest cover during that time. Deforestation rates of primary cover have increased 5.7% since the close of the 1990s. Measuring the total rate of habitat conversion (defined as change in forest area plus change in woodland area minus net plantation expansion) for the 1990-2005 interval, Russian Federation lost 0.6% of its forest and woodland habitat.

Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Russian Federation is home to at least 11400 species of vascular plants. 5.4% of Russian Federation is protected under IUCN categories I-V.

SECTIONS:

Forest Cover | Forest types | Breakdown of forest types | Change in Forest Cover | Primary forest | Forest designation | Disturbances affecting forest land | Protected areas | Biodiversity - Wildlife | Biodiversity - Plants | Value of forests | Production, trade and consumption of forest products | Environment | Land use / Resources | Economy | Population / Demographics | Infrastructure | Health | References | Books

Books

Russian Federation: Forest Cover, 2005 Total Land Area (ha) 1,688,850,000 Total Forest Area (ha) 808,790,000 Percent Forest Cover 47.89% Primary Forest Cover (ha) 255,470,000 Primary Forest, % total forest 31.59% Primary Forest, % total land 15.13% Other wooded land (ha) 74,185,000 Russian Federation : Forest types Tropical (% forest area) 0% Subtropical (% forest area) 0% Temperate (% forest area) 14% Boreal/polar (% forest area) 86% Russian Federation: Breakdown of forest types, 2005 Primary forest (ha | %) 255,470,000 31.6% Modified natural (ha | %) 536,358,000 66.3% Semi-natural (ha | %) - - Production plantation (ha | %) 11,888,000 1.5% Production plantation (ha | %) 5,075,000 0.6% Russian Federation: Change in Forest Cover TOTAL FOREST COVER Forest 1990 (ha) 808,950,000 Forest 2000 (ha) 809,268,000 Forest 2005 (ha) 808,790,000 Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) 31,800 0.00% Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) (95,600) -0.01% Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) (160,000) -0.02% Change in rate (%) -400.51% PRIMARY FOREST COVER Primary 1990 (ha) 241,726,000 Primary 2000 (ha) 258,131,000 Primary 2005 (ha) 255,470,000 Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) 1,640,500 0.68% Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) (532,200) -0.21% Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) 13,744,000 5.69% Change in rate (%) -130.38% OTHER WOODED LAND Other 1990 (ha) 75,144,000 Other 2000 (ha) 72,706,000 Other 2005 (ha) 74,185,000 Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) (243,800) -0.32% Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) 295,800 0.41% Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) (959,000) -1.28% Change in rate (%) -225.40% PLANTATIONS Other 1990 (ha) 12,651,000 Other 2000 (ha) 15,360,000 Other 2005 (ha) 16,962,000 Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) 270,900 2.14% Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) 320,400 2.09% Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) 4,311,000 34.08% Change in rate (%) -2.59% TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations Other 1990 (ha) 871,443,000 Other 2000 (ha) 866,614,000 Other 2005 (ha) 866,013,000 Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) (482,900) -0.06% Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) (120,200) -0.01% Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) (5,430,000) -0.62% Change in rate (%) -74.97% Russian Federation: Primary Primary or "old-growth" vegetation Primary Forest 2005 (ha) 255,470,000 Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) 73,169,000 Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) 328,639,000 Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area) 19.46% Russian Federation: Forest designation Ownership of forest land, 2000 Public (%) 100.0% Private (%) 0.0% Other (%) 0.0% Ownership of other wooded land, 2000 Public (%) 100.0% Private (%) 0.0% Other (%) 0.0% Designated functions of forest � primary function 2005 Production (%) 76.9% Protection (%) 8.7% Conservation (%) 2.0% Social Services (%) 1.5% Multiple Services (%) 10.8% None of Unknown (%) - Russian Federation: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000 Forest Area annually affected by Fire (%) 0.16% Insects (ha) 0.61% Diseases (ha) 0.12% Other (ha) 0.06% Russian Federation: Protected areas 34 Protected areas Biosphere reserves, 2005 Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 2005 35 World Heritage sites, 2004 18 Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land 5.4% Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land 1.48% Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 2004 3.81% Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 2004 0.00% Russian Federation: Biodiversity - Wildlife Amphibians total species endemic species 0 threatened species 0 Birds total species endemic species 23 threatened species 47 Mammals total species endemic species 21 threatened species 43 Reptiles total species endemic species 5 threatened species 6 Wildlife diversity total species - endemic species 49 threatened species 96 Russian Federation: Biodiversity - Plants Growing stock composition 3 most common species % of total growing stock 65.60% Growing stock composition 3 most common species % of total growing stock 99.10% Number of Native tree species Native tree species 181 Number of tree species in IUCN red list Critically Endangered 4 Endangered 8 Vulnerable 7 Vascular Plant Species, 2004 Total 11400 Number endemic 0 Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004 Species threatened 7 Russian Federation: Value of forests Biomass stock in forest, 2005 Above-ground biomass (M t) 51,574 Below-ground biomass (M t) 12,846 Dead wood (M t) 24,396 Total (M t) 88,815 Carbon stock in forest, 2005 Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t) 25,787 Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t) 6,423 Carbon in dead wood (M t) 12,198 Carbon in litter (M t) 4,500 Soil carbon (M t) 137,000 Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005 Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr) 1990-2000 23,075 2000-2005 41,732 Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005 Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr) 1990-2000 0.02 2000-2005 0.06 Wood removal 2005 Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m) 129,400 Wood fuel (1000 cubic m) 50,600 Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m) 180,000 Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock) n.s. Plant products 2005 Food (t) 800 Fodder (t) - Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) 700 Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) - Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t) - Ornamental plants (t) - Exudates (t) n.s. Other plant products (t) 500 Animal products 2005 Living animals (units) - Hides, skins and trophies (units) - Wild honey and bee-wax (t) 30 Bush meat (t) - Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) - Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) - Other edible animal products (t) - Other non-edible animal products (t) - Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005 Industrial roundwood (US$) $1,811,600,000 Wood fuel (US$) $166,980,000 Non-wood forest products (US$) $4,820,000 Total value (US$) $1,983,400,000 Total value ($USD/ha) $2 Employment in forestry 2000 Total people employed 196,000 Russian Federation : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002 Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 Production 48,800 Imports 10 Exports 940 Consumption 47,870 Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 Production 125,400 Imports 796 Exports 36,546 Consumption 89,650 Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 Production 19,200 Imports 16 Exports 9,020 Consumption 10,196 Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 Production 5,636 Imports 646 Exports 1,583 Consumption 5,832 Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 Production 6,284 Imports 42 Exports 1,788 Consumption 4,538 Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 Production 5,915 Imports 602 Exports 2,441 Consumption 4,076 [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] Russian Federation: Population / Demographics Percent rural (2003) 26.7% [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] Russian Federation : References & Data Sources  Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005  Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)  Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.  Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.  RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.  World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site  The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species  Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund  With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com