Tonga: Forest Cover, 2005
| Total Land Area (ha) | 72,000 | | Total Forest Area (ha) | 4,000 | | Percent Forest Cover | 5.56% | | Primary Forest Cover (ha) | - | | Primary Forest, % total forest | - | | Primary Forest, % total land | - | | Other wooded land (ha) | 1,000 |
Tonga : Forest types
| Tropical (% forest area) | 100% | | Subtropical (% forest area) | 0% | | Temperate (% forest area) | 0% | | Boreal/polar (% forest area) | 0% |
Tonga: Breakdown of forest types, 2005
| Primary forest (ha | %) | - | - | | Modified natural (ha | %) | 4,000 | 100.0% | | Semi-natural (ha | %) | - | - | | Production plantation (ha | %) | - | - | | Production plantation (ha | %) | - | - |
Tonga: Change in Forest Cover
| TOTAL FOREST COVER | | Forest 1990 (ha) | 4,000 | | Forest 2000 (ha) | 4,000 | | Forest 2005 (ha) | 4,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! | | PRIMARY FOREST COVER | | Primary 1990 (ha) | - | | Primary 2000 (ha) | - | | Primary 2005 (ha) | - | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | - | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | - | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | - | | Change in rate (%) | - | | OTHER WOODED LAND | | Other 1990 (ha) | 1,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 1,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 1,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! | | PLANTATIONS | | Other 1990 (ha) | - | | Other 2000 (ha) | - | | Other 2005 (ha) | - | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | - | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | - | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | - | | Change in rate (%) | - | TOTAL DEGRADATION/CONSERVSION
Forest area+Wooded Area-Plantations | | Other 1990 (ha) | 5,000 | | Other 2000 (ha) | 5,000 | | Other 2005 (ha) | 5,000 | | Annual Change 1990-2000 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Annual Change 2000-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Total Change 1990-2005 (ha | %) | - | 0.00% | | Change in rate (%) | #DIV/0! |
Tonga: Primary
| Primary or "old-growth" vegetation | | Primary Forest 2005 (ha) | - | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | - | | Other primary wooded land 2005 (ha) | 0 | | Undisturbed vegetation 2005 (% land area) | 0.00% |
Tonga: Forest designation
| Ownership of forest land, 2000 | | Public (%) | 100.0% | | Private (%) | - | | Other (%) | - | | Ownership of other wooded land, 2000 | | Public (%) | - | | Private (%) | - | | Other (%) | - | | Designated functions of forest � primary function 2005 | | Production (%) | 0.6% | | Protection (%) | - | | Conservation (%) | - | | Social Services (%) | - | | Multiple Services (%) | - | | None of Unknown (%) | 99.4% |
Tonga: Disturbances affecting forest land 2000
| Forest Area annually affected by | | Fire (%) | - | | Insects (ha) | - | | Diseases (ha) | - | | Other (ha) | - |
Tonga: Protected areas
| Protected areas | | Biosphere reserves, 2005 | | Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites), 2005 | 0 | | World Heritage sites, 2004 | 0 | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories I-V, percent of total land | 23.7% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories Ia, Ib, and II, extent, percent of total land | 8.27% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories III, IV, and V, percent of total land, 2004 | 0.00% | | Protected Areas: IUCN categories VI and other, percent of total land, 2004 | 0.00% |
Tonga: Biodiversity - Wildlife
| Amphibians | | total species | 0 | | endemic species | | | threatened species | 0 | | Birds | | total species | 46 | | endemic species | 6 | | threatened species | 3 | | Mammals | | total species | 0 | | endemic species | 0 | | threatened species | 2 | | Reptiles | | total species | 0 | | endemic species | 2 | | threatened species | 2 | | Wildlife diversity | | total species | 46 | | endemic species | 8 | | threatened species | 7 |
Tonga: Biodiversity - Plants
| Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | - | | Growing stock composition | 3 most common species
% of total growing stock | - | | Number of Native tree species | | | Native tree species | - | | Number of tree species in IUCN red list | | Critically Endangered | | 1 | | Endangered | 0 | | Vulnerable | 2 | | Vascular Plant Species, 2004 | | Total | | | Number endemic | 25 | | Number of Threatened Plant Species, 2004 | | Species threatened | 3 |
Tonga: Value of forests
| Biomass stock in forest, 2005 | | Above-ground biomass (M t) | - | | Below-ground biomass (M t) | - | | Dead wood (M t) | - | | Total (M t) | - | | Carbon stock in forest, 2005 | | Carbon in above-ground biomass (M t) | - | | Carbon in below-ground biomass (M t) | - | | Carbon in dead wood (M t) | - | | Carbon in litter (M t) | - | | Soil carbon (M t) | - | | Change in growing stock 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate (1000 cubic m/yr) | | 1990-2000 | - | | 2000-2005 | - | | Growing stock per hectare 1990 - 2005 | | Annual change rate ( cubic m/ha per yr) | | 1990-2000 | - | | 2000-2005 | - | | Wood removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (1000 cubic m) | 2 | | Wood fuel (1000 cubic m) | - | | Total wood removal 2005 (1000 cubic m) | 2 | | Total wood removal 2005 (% of growing stock) | - | | Plant products 2005 | | Food (t) | - | | Fodder (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Raw material for utensils, handicrafts & construction (t) | - | | Ornamental plants (t) | - | | Exudates (t) | - | | Other plant products (t) | - | | Animal products 2005 | | Living animals (units) | - | | Hides, skins and trophies (units) | - | | Wild honey and bee-wax (t) | - | | Bush meat (t) | - | | Raw material for medicine and aromatic products (t) | - | | Raw material for colorants and dyes (t) | - | | Other edible animal products (t) | - | | Other non-edible animal products (t) | - | | Value of wood and non-wood forest product removal 2005 | | Industrial roundwood (US$) | - | | Wood fuel (US$) | - | | Non-wood forest products (US$) | - | | Total value (US$) | - | | Total value ($USD/ha) | $- | | Employment in forestry 2000 | | Total people employed | - |
Tonga : Production, trade and consumption of forest products, 2002
| Woodfuel ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | - | | Consumption | 0 | | Industrial roundwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 2 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 2 | | Sawnwood ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | 2 | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 2 | | Wood-based panels ('000 cubic m), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | 0 | | Exports | - | | Consumption | 0 | | Pulp for paper ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | - | | Exports | - | | Consumption | 0 | | Paper and paperboard ('000 metric tons), 2002 | | Production | - | | Imports | 1 | | Exports | 0 | | Consumption | 1 |
|
|
Tonga: Environment
| Environment - current issues | deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou |
Tonga: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 23.61%
permanent crops: 43.06%
other: 33.33% (2001) | | Natural resources | fish, fertile soil |
Tonga: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Tonga, a small, open, South Pacific island economy, has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government. | | GDP - per capita | $2,300 (2002 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 1.5% (2002 est.) | | Agriculture - products | squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 23%, industry: 13%, services: 64% (2002 est.) | | Industries | tourism, fishing | | Economic aid - recipient | Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02) | | Debt - external | $63.4 million (2001) | | Population below poverty line (%) | NA | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 65% (1997 est.) |
Tonga: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 112,422 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.98% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 156.6 | | Percent rural (2003) | 66.6% | | Median age (years) | total: 20.46 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 3 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Polynesian, Europeans about 300 |
[an error occurred while processing this directive]
Tonga: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 11,200 (2002) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 9,000 (2004) | | Roadways (km) | total: 680 km
paved: 184 km
unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.) |
Tonga: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 69.53 years
male: 67.05 years
female: 72.14 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 12.62 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | NA |
Tonga
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005) and the State of the World�s Forests (2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
|
|
|
