STATISTICS: PRIMARY FORESTS

TROPICAL FORESTS

Primary forest refers to untouched, pristine forest that exists in its original condition. This forest has been relatively unaffected by human activities. Primary rainforest is often characterized by a full ceiling canopy and usually several layers of understory. The ground floor is generally clear of heavy vegetation because the full canopy allows very little light, necessary for plant growth, to penetrate. Occasionally, when a canopy tree falls, a temporary "light gap" is opened in the canopy, allowing growth of floor and understory species. Primary forest is the most biologically diverse type of forest.

This data is from Global Forest Watch 2019 using a 30 percent tree cover thresh hold as the definition of "forest". All figures are hectares.

CountryPrimary forest extent
(2018)
Primary / Total tree cover
(2018)
Primary forest loss
(2001-2018)
% loss
(2001-2018)
Total tree cover
(2018)
% tree cover
(2018)
Tree cover loss
(2001-2018)
Brazil320,069,36568.0%23,160,4786.7%471,775,48655.4%51,532,499
DR Congo100,227,21453.0%4,352,8494.2%189,337,42481.2%12,836,705
Indonesia84,683,97159.0%9,154,0009.8%143,180,19675.6%24,972,682
Peru67,318,45987.0%1,806,9412.6%76,967,68659.5%2,738,812
Colombia53,380,80267.0%1,382,7922.5%79,730,62670.0%3,913,982
Bolivia38,364,53764.0%2,452,5736.0%59,863,90555.2%4,648,546
Venezuela38,190,40568.0%420,9021.1%56,341,19261.7%1,820,373
Papua New Guinea31,920,89476.0%674,3212.1%42,010,05490.5%1,381,513
Gabon22,443,92192.0%225,6031.0%24,461,64392.4%385,004
Republic of Congo20,860,12680.0%293,0531.4%26,139,75076.4%680,957
Cameroon18,521,98162.0%553,6532.9%29,665,18463.6%1,161,442
Guyana17,181,36391.0%111,6620.6%18,956,46690.2%171,319
Myanmar13,497,07935.0%538,3053.8%38,566,90557.5%3,346,453
Malaysia13,430,90555.0%2,508,55315.7%24,222,11273.4%7,377,092
Suriname12,662,50491.0%107,8740.8%13,890,45594.7%164,340
Ecuador10,465,90455.0%161,1271.5%18,864,19073.4%739,989
India9,874,81230.0%310,6243.0%33,414,89110.6%1,625,397
Mexico8,685,28318.0%528,1115.7%48,507,85624.8%3,477,548
French Guiana7,807,72896.0%46,4040.6%8,128,77997.4%67,868
Laos7,621,35148.0%700,8498.4%15,761,28568.4%2,970,138
Central African Republic7,220,06415.0%143,0641.9%46,838,77475.5%693,507
Vietnam6,105,90942.0%625,8109.3%14,508,06143.9%2,572,171
Thailand5,817,83332.0%119,0222.0%18,152,93535.2%1,902,664
Philippines4,447,21725.0%135,3523.0%17,739,19859.6%1,128,788
Liberia4,224,72252.0%204,3294.6%8,091,51684.2%1,495,508
Madagascar4,060,52229.0%793,14816.3%13,772,12723.3%3,535,289
Cambodia3,128,29151.0%1,155,76127.0%6,133,19633.7%2,161,251
Panama2,836,62953.0%65,6012.3%5,391,68771.4%367,351
Paraguay2,534,49215.0%946,60227.2%17,188,45342.9%5,557,662
Angola2,346,9615.0%110,5164.5%52,074,90741.7%2,569,542
Equatorial Guinea2,191,64086.0%54,5042.4%2,553,88294.5%103,452
Guatemala2,133,58433.0%449,63817.4%6,375,20758.2%1,297,841
Solomon Islands1,893,83772.0%99,0455.0%2,620,79290.9%156,792
Ethiopia1,826,44915.0%63,7363.4%12,147,48210.7%370,127
Honduras1,826,22726.0%323,86515.1%6,921,41661.4%960,732
Nigeria1,789,17617.0%113,9486.0%10,326,66211.3%818,286
Bhutan1,599,03464.0%6,4190.4%2,508,11164.3%19,785
Nicaragua1,593,64624.0%426,56321.1%6,767,89952.6%1,280,110
Costa Rica1,462,37339.0%23,4641.6%3,776,80873.5%211,720
Belize1,061,79166.0%102,6768.8%1,612,31173.1%205,039
Côte d'Ivoire1,042,1559.0%323,08523.7%12,074,54237.5%2,645,630
Ghana1,009,27516.0%81,0157.4%6,311,78126.4%1,021,659
Nepal721,64815.0%3,4370.5%4,787,94632.4%42,513
Tanzania707,9583.0%24,2123.3%23,293,79724.7%2,262,112
Kenya606,55119.0%43,0296.6%3,188,3485.4%312,233
Sri Lanka586,51817.0%9,4971.6%3,446,23252.0%164,942
Uganda448,1637.0%60,93312.0%6,397,06726.4%742,268
Brunei418,17081.0%13,2853.1%516,73388.9%25,124
Cuba360,3649.0%40,45610.1%4,030,75536.2%339,591
Zambia308,7431.0%21,8766.6%21,353,45528.4%1,524,149
Dominican Republic295,69913.0%21,1816.7%2,312,83047.8%278,596
Sierra Leone253,4196.0%22,9708.3%4,209,89457.9%1,358,252
Jamaica227,71931.0%9,3764.0%735,87466.7%41,010
Guinea220,4623.0%12,9995.6%6,892,20228.1%1,307,414
Trinidad and Tobago151,47641.0%2,1811.4%373,70572.1%19,000
Mozambique109,6820.0%10,0018.4%25,183,68132.0%2,948,858
Bangladesh90,4414.0%6,1806.4%2,107,11915.1%149,751
South Sudan82,2921.0%1,4581.7%13,221,99321.0%114,014
Guinea-Bissau67,5337.0%3,8385.4%1,022,70830.1%139,546
Rwanda53,41411.0%3160.6%498,05419.6%30,823
El Salvador49,3485.0%1,2262.4%902,95143.8%64,095
Puerto Rico48,33210.0%16,18625.1%481,33453.2%72,947
Guadeloupe36,80536.0%870.2%101,38460.7%2,149
Burundi24,5495.0%3001.2%542,56920.0%23,641
Dominica20,25343.0%15,71143.7%46,61061.2%24,940
Palau18,80646.0%2091.1%40,72580.9%590
Martinique16,94322.0%1300.8%77,08167.8%2,478
Saint Lucia13,79028.0%1451.0%49,75080.0%912
Bahamas9,7093.0%1,55713.8%331,57924.4%19,264
Zimbabwe6,8371.0%76410.1%958,6012.5%185,978
Saint Vincent / Grenadines6,23921.0%360.6%29,67773.3%371
Cayman Islands6,06843.0%1312.1%14,08849.5%507
Haiti5,8611.0%2,82132.5%748,98427.5%62,007
Saint Kitts and Nevis5,77942.0%651.1%13,90751.0%260
Malawi5,0070.0%2304.4%1,367,55311.5%158,774
Senegal3,4768.0%50.1%45,6070.2%3,420
British Virgin Islands2,89442.0%1294.3%6,92639.5%292
Turks and Caicos Islands2,65624.0%1505.4%10,87110.8%493
Virgin Islands, U.S.2,64015.0%843.1%17,48347.0%1,675
Benin1,8480.0%231.2%423,1043.7%33,643
Montserrat1,67539.0%533.1%4,31642.3%191
Togo1,3270.0%29918.4%573,41610.0%48,652
Singapore8434.0%10.1%19,52627.6%1,855
Bonaire, S. Eustatius, Saba72620.0%162.2%3,71611.4%47
Timor-Leste3500.0%00.0%684,62645.6%25,936
Sint Maarten25029.0%62.2%85121.9%27
Gambia1113.0%00.0%3,7470.3%684
Antigua and Barbuda550.0%46.6%19,68244.4%678
Aruba728.0%19.0%240.1%2

This data is from Global Forest Watch 2019 using a 30 percent tree cover thresh hold as the definition of "forest". All figures are hectares.

 

LARGEST PRIMARY FOREST LOSS IN THE TROPICS (by area)

CountryPrimary
forest
extent
(2018)
Primary / Total
tree cover
(2018)
Primary
forest loss
(2001-2018)
%
loss
Total
tree cover
(2018)
%
tree
cover
(2018)
Tree
cover loss
(2001-2018)
Brazil320,069,36568.0%23,160,4786.7%471,775,48655.4%51,532,499
Indonesia84,683,97159.0%9,154,0009.8%143,180,19675.6%24,972,682
DR Congo100,227,21453.0%4,352,8494.2%189,337,42481.2%12,836,705
Malaysia13,430,90555.0%2,508,55315.7%24,222,11273.4%7,377,092
Bolivia38,364,53764.0%2,452,5736.0%59,863,90555.2%4,648,546
Peru67,318,45987.0%1,806,9412.6%76,967,68659.5%2,738,812
Colombia53,380,80267.0%1,382,7922.5%79,730,62670.0%3,913,982
Cambodia3,128,29151.0%1,155,76127.0%6,133,19633.7%2,161,251
Paraguay2,534,49215.0%946,60227.2%17,188,45342.9%5,557,662
Madagascar4,060,52229.0%793,14816.3%13,772,12723.3%3,535,289
Laos7,621,35148.0%700,8498.4%15,761,28568.4%2,970,138
Papua New Guinea31,920,89476.0%674,3212.1%42,010,05490.5%1,381,513
Vietnam6,105,90942.0%625,8109.3%14,508,06143.9%2,572,171
Cameroon18,521,98162.0%553,6532.9%29,665,18463.6%1,161,442
Myanmar13,497,07935.0%538,3053.8%38,566,90557.5%3,346,453
Mexico8,685,28318.0%528,1115.7%48,507,85624.8%3,477,548
Guatemala2,133,58433.0%449,63817.4%6,375,20758.2%1,297,841
Nicaragua1,593,64624.0%426,56321.1%6,767,89952.6%1,280,110
Venezuela38,190,40568.0%420,9021.1%56,341,19261.7%1,820,373
Honduras1,826,22726.0%323,86515.1%6,921,41661.4%960,732
Côte d'Ivoire1,042,1559.0%323,08523.7%12,074,54237.5%2,645,630
India9,874,81230.0%310,6243.0%33,414,89110.6%1,625,397
Republic of Congo20,860,12680.0%293,0531.4%26,139,75076.4%680,957
Gabon22,443,92192.0%225,6031.0%24,461,64392.4%385,004
Liberia4,224,72252.0%204,3294.6%8,091,51684.2%1,495,508
Ecuador10,465,90455.0%161,1271.5%18,864,19073.4%739,989
Central African Republic7,220,06415.0%143,0641.9%46,838,77475.5%693,507
Philippines4,447,21725.0%135,3523.0%17,739,19859.6%1,128,788
Thailand5,817,83332.0%119,0222.0%18,152,93535.2%1,902,664
Nigeria1,789,17617.0%113,9486.0%10,326,66211.3%818,286
Guyana17,181,36391.0%111,6620.6%18,956,46690.2%171,319
Angola2,346,9615.0%110,5164.5%52,074,90741.7%2,569,542
Suriname12,662,50491.0%107,8740.8%13,890,45594.7%164,340
Belize1,061,79166.0%102,6768.8%1,612,31173.1%205,039
Solomon Islands1,893,83772.0%99,0455.0%2,620,79290.9%156,792
Ghana1,009,27516.0%81,0157.4%6,311,78126.4%1,021,659
Panama2,836,62953.0%65,6012.3%5,391,68771.4%367,351
Ethiopia1,826,44915.0%63,7363.4%12,147,48210.7%370,127
Uganda448,1637.0%60,93312.0%6,397,06726.4%742,268
Equatorial Guinea2,191,64086.0%54,5042.4%2,553,88294.5%103,452
French Guiana7,807,72896.0%46,4040.6%8,128,77997.4%67,868
Kenya606,55119.0%43,0296.6%3,188,3485.4%312,233
Cuba360,3649.0%40,45610.1%4,030,75536.2%339,591
Tanzania707,9583.0%24,2123.3%23,293,79724.7%2,262,112
Costa Rica1,462,37339.0%23,4641.6%3,776,80873.5%211,720
Sierra Leone253,4196.0%22,9708.3%4,209,89457.9%1,358,252
Zambia308,7431.0%21,8766.6%21,353,45528.4%1,524,149
Dominican Republic295,69913.0%21,1816.7%2,312,83047.8%278,596
Puerto Rico48,33210.0%16,18625.1%481,33453.2%72,947
Dominica20,25343.0%15,71143.7%46,61061.2%24,940
Brunei418,17081.0%13,2853.1%516,73388.9%25,124
Guinea220,4623.0%12,9995.6%6,892,20228.1%1,307,414
Mozambique109,6820.0%10,0018.4%25,183,68132.0%2,948,858
Sri Lanka586,51817.0%9,4971.6%3,446,23252.0%164,942
Jamaica227,71931.0%9,3764.0%735,87466.7%41,010
Bhutan1,599,03464.0%6,4190.4%2,508,11164.3%19,785
Bangladesh90,4414.0%6,1806.4%2,107,11915.1%149,751
Guinea-Bissau67,5337.0%3,8385.4%1,022,70830.1%139,546
Nepal721,64815.0%3,4370.5%4,787,94632.4%42,513
Haiti5,8611.0%2,82132.5%748,98427.5%62,007
Trinidad and Tobago151,47641.0%2,1811.4%373,70572.1%19,000
Bahamas9,7093.0%1,55713.8%331,57924.4%19,264
South Sudan82,2921.0%1,4581.7%13,221,99321.0%114,014
El Salvador49,3485.0%1,2262.4%902,95143.8%64,095
Zimbabwe6,8371.0%76410.1%958,6012.5%185,978
Rwanda53,41411.0%3160.6%498,05419.6%30,823
Burundi24,5495.0%3001.2%542,56920.0%23,641
Togo1,3270.0%29918.4%573,41610.0%48,652
Malawi5,0070.0%2304.4%1,367,55311.5%158,774
Palau18,80646.0%2091.1%40,72580.9%590
Turks and Caicos Islands2,65624.0%1505.4%10,87110.8%493
Saint Lucia13,79028.0%1451.0%49,75080.0%912
Cayman Islands6,06843.0%1312.1%14,08849.5%507
Martinique16,94322.0%1300.8%77,08167.8%2,478
British Virgin Islands2,89442.0%1294.3%6,92639.5%292
Guadeloupe36,80536.0%870.2%101,38460.7%2,149
Virgin Islands, U.S.2,64015.0%843.1%17,48347.0%1,675
Saint Kitts and Nevis5,77942.0%651.1%13,90751.0%260
Montserrat1,67539.0%533.1%4,31642.3%191
Saint Vincent / Grenadines6,23921.0%360.6%29,67773.3%371
Benin1,8480.0%231.2%423,1043.7%33,643
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba72620.0%162.2%3,71611.4%47
Sint Maarten25029.0%62.2%85121.9%27
Senegal3,4768.0%50.1%45,6070.2%3,420
Antigua and Barbuda550.0%46.6%19,68244.4%678
Singapore8434.0%10.1%19,52627.6%1,855
Aruba728.0%19.0%240.1%2
Timor-Leste3500.0%00.0%684,62645.6%25,936
Gambia1113.0%00.0%3,7470.3%684

 

 

 

 

LARGEST PRIMARY FOREST LOSS IN THE TROPICS, SORTED BY HIGHEST RATE OF LOSS (relative)

CountryPrimary
forest
extent
(2018)
Primary / Total
tree cover
(2018)
Primary
forest loss
(2001-2018)
%
loss
Total
tree cover
(2018)
%
tree
cover
(2018)
Tree
cover loss
(2001-2018)
Dominica20,25343.0%15,71143.7%46,61061.2%24,940
Haiti5,8611.0%2,82132.5%748,98427.5%62,007
Paraguay2,534,49215.0%946,60227.2%17,188,45342.9%5,557,662
Cambodia3,128,29151.0%1,155,76127.0%6,133,19633.7%2,161,251
Puerto Rico48,33210.0%16,18625.1%481,33453.2%72,947
Côte d'Ivoire1,042,1559.0%323,08523.7%12,074,54237.5%2,645,630
Nicaragua1,593,64624.0%426,56321.1%6,767,89952.6%1,280,110
Togo1,3270.0%29918.4%573,41610.0%48,652
Guatemala2,133,58433.0%449,63817.4%6,375,20758.2%1,297,841
Madagascar4,060,52229.0%793,14816.3%13,772,12723.3%3,535,289
Malaysia13,430,90555.0%2,508,55315.7%24,222,11273.4%7,377,092
Honduras1,826,22726.0%323,86515.1%6,921,41661.4%960,732
Bahamas9,7093.0%1,55713.8%331,57924.4%19,264
Uganda448,1637.0%60,93312.0%6,397,06726.4%742,268
Cuba360,3649.0%40,45610.1%4,030,75536.2%339,591
Zimbabwe6,8371.0%76410.1%958,6012.5%185,978
Indonesia84,683,97159.0%9,154,0009.8%143,180,19675.6%24,972,682
Vietnam6,105,90942.0%625,8109.3%14,508,06143.9%2,572,171
Aruba728.0%19.0%240.1%2
Belize1,061,79166.0%102,6768.8%1,612,31173.1%205,039
Laos7,621,35148.0%700,8498.4%15,761,28568.4%2,970,138
Mozambique109,6820.0%10,0018.4%25,183,68132.0%2,948,858
Sierra Leone253,4196.0%22,9708.3%4,209,89457.9%1,358,252
Ghana1,009,27516.0%81,0157.4%6,311,78126.4%1,021,659
Brazil320,069,36568.0%23,160,4786.7%471,775,48655.4%51,532,499
Dominican Republic295,69913.0%21,1816.7%2,312,83047.8%278,596
Kenya606,55119.0%43,0296.6%3,188,3485.4%312,233
Zambia308,7431.0%21,8766.6%21,353,45528.4%1,524,149
Antigua and Barbuda550.0%46.6%19,68244.4%678
Bangladesh90,4414.0%6,1806.4%2,107,11915.1%149,751
Bolivia38,364,53764.0%2,452,5736.0%59,863,90555.2%4,648,546
Nigeria1,789,17617.0%113,9486.0%10,326,66211.3%818,286
Mexico8,685,28318.0%528,1115.7%48,507,85624.8%3,477,548
Guinea220,4623.0%12,9995.6%6,892,20228.1%1,307,414
Guinea-Bissau67,5337.0%3,8385.4%1,022,70830.1%139,546
Turks and Caicos Islands2,65624.0%1505.4%10,87110.8%493
Solomon Islands1,893,83772.0%99,0455.0%2,620,79290.9%156,792
Liberia4,224,72252.0%204,3294.6%8,091,51684.2%1,495,508
Angola2,346,9615.0%110,5164.5%52,074,90741.7%2,569,542
Malawi5,0070.0%2304.4%1,367,55311.5%158,774
British Virgin Islands2,89442.0%1294.3%6,92639.5%292
DR Congo100,227,21453.0%4,352,8494.2%189,337,42481.2%12,836,705
Jamaica227,71931.0%9,3764.0%735,87466.7%41,010
Myanmar13,497,07935.0%538,3053.8%38,566,90557.5%3,346,453
Ethiopia1,826,44915.0%63,7363.4%12,147,48210.7%370,127
Tanzania707,9583.0%24,2123.3%23,293,79724.7%2,262,112
Brunei418,17081.0%13,2853.1%516,73388.9%25,124
Virgin Islands, U.S.2,64015.0%843.1%17,48347.0%1,675
Montserrat1,67539.0%533.1%4,31642.3%191
India9,874,81230.0%310,6243.0%33,414,89110.6%1,625,397
Philippines4,447,21725.0%135,3523.0%17,739,19859.6%1,128,788
Cameroon18,521,98162.0%553,6532.9%29,665,18463.6%1,161,442
Peru67,318,45987.0%1,806,9412.6%76,967,68659.5%2,738,812
Colombia53,380,80267.0%1,382,7922.5%79,730,62670.0%3,913,982
Equatorial Guinea2,191,64086.0%54,5042.4%2,553,88294.5%103,452
El Salvador49,3485.0%1,2262.4%902,95143.8%64,095
Panama2,836,62953.0%65,6012.3%5,391,68771.4%367,351
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba72620.0%162.2%3,71611.4%47
Sint Maarten25029.0%62.2%85121.9%27
Papua New Guinea31,920,89476.0%674,3212.1%42,010,05490.5%1,381,513
Cayman Islands6,06843.0%1312.1%14,08849.5%507
Thailand5,817,83332.0%119,0222.0%18,152,93535.2%1,902,664
Central African Republic7,220,06415.0%143,0641.9%46,838,77475.5%693,507
South Sudan82,2921.0%1,4581.7%13,221,99321.0%114,014
Costa Rica1,462,37339.0%23,4641.6%3,776,80873.5%211,720
Sri Lanka586,51817.0%9,4971.6%3,446,23252.0%164,942
Ecuador10,465,90455.0%161,1271.5%18,864,19073.4%739,989
Republic of Congo20,860,12680.0%293,0531.4%26,139,75076.4%680,957
Trinidad and Tobago151,47641.0%2,1811.4%373,70572.1%19,000
Burundi24,5495.0%3001.2%542,56920.0%23,641
Benin1,8480.0%231.2%423,1043.7%33,643
Venezuela38,190,40568.0%420,9021.1%56,341,19261.7%1,820,373
Palau18,80646.0%2091.1%40,72580.9%590
Saint Kitts and Nevis5,77942.0%651.1%13,90751.0%260
Gabon22,443,92192.0%225,6031.0%24,461,64392.4%385,004
Saint Lucia13,79028.0%1451.0%49,75080.0%912
Suriname12,662,50491.0%107,8740.8%13,890,45594.7%164,340
Martinique16,94322.0%1300.8%77,08167.8%2,478
Guyana17,181,36391.0%111,6620.6%18,956,46690.2%171,319
French Guiana7,807,72896.0%46,4040.6%8,128,77997.4%67,868
Rwanda53,41411.0%3160.6%498,05419.6%30,823
Saint Vincent / Grenadines6,23921.0%360.6%29,67773.3%371
Nepal721,64815.0%3,4370.5%4,787,94632.4%42,513
Bhutan1,599,03464.0%6,4190.4%2,508,11164.3%19,785
Guadeloupe36,80536.0%870.2%101,38460.7%2,149
Senegal3,4768.0%50.1%45,6070.2%3,420
Singapore8434.0%10.1%19,52627.6%1,855
Timor-Leste3500.0%00.0%684,62645.6%25,936
Gambia1113.0%00.0%3,7470.3%684

 

This data is from Global Forest Watch 2019 using a 30 percent tree cover thresh hold as the definition of "forest". All figures are hectares.