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Belarus
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
41.6% or about 8,630,000 ha of Belarus is forested, according to FAO. Of this 4.6% ( 400,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Belarus had 1,857,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Belarus lost an average of 42,500 ha or 0.55% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Belarus gained 10.9% of its forest cover, or around 850,000 ha.
Belarus's forests contain 611 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Belarus has some 317 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.0% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 3.2% are threatened. Belarus is home to at least 2100 species of vascular plants. 6.3% of Belarus is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Belarus
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Belarus: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 20748 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 8630 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 42 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 400 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 5 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 520 |
| Percent other wooded land | 3 |
Belarus: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 400 | 5 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 6373 | 74 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 1857 | 22 |
Belarus: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 7780 | 8273 | 8436 | 8630 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 49 | 33 | 39 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.62 | 0.39 | 0.46 | |
Belarus: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 6262 | 6581 | 6679 | 6773 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 32 | 32 | 19 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.5 | 0.51 | 0.29
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Belarus: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Belarus: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 1518 | 1692 | 1757 | 1857 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 17 | 13 | 20 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 1.09 | 0.76 | 1.11 | |
Belarus: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 50 | 19 | 14 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Belarus: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| - | - | - |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Belarus: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 1580 | 183 | 1061 | 519 | 100 |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| - | - | | | |
Belarus: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 386 | 482 | 540 | 611 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 71 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 10 | 12 | 14 |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
Belarus: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| 1 | 100 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| 41 | 164 | n.s. | 6 | 212 | 3 |
Belarus: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 5479 | 4876 | 6571 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 822 | 951 | 1074 | 100 |
Belarus: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| - | - | - | - | - |
Belarus: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | 34 | 35 |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 22 | 33 | 33 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | 1 | 1 |
Belarus: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (1996)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2007) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (2000)
Sub-national forest law: No
Belarus: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| 32685 | 14 | 33888 | 15 | 33653 | 16 |
Belarus: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 70026 | 65606 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65606 | 0
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Belarus: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Belarus: Environment
| Environment - current issues | soil pollution from pesticide use; southern part of the country contaminated with fallout from 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chornobyl' in northern Ukraine | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea | | Natural hazards | NA |
Belarus: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 29.55%
permanent crops: 0.6%
other: 69.85% (2001) | | Natural resources | forests, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk, sand, gravel, clay |
Belarus: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Belarus's economy in 2004-05 posted 6.4% and 7.8% growth. Still, the economy continues to be hampered by high inflation, persistent trade deficits, and ongoing rocky relations with Russia, Belarus' largest trading partner and energy supplier. Belarus has seen little structural reform since 1995, when President LUKASHENKO launched the country on the path of "market socialism." In keeping with this policy, LUKASHENKO reimposed administrative controls over prices and currency exchange rates and expanded the state's right to intervene in the management of private enterprises. In addition, businesses have been subject to pressure on the part of central and local governments, e.g., arbitrary changes in regulations, numerous rigorous inspections, retroactive application of new business regulations, and arrests of "disruptive" businessmen and factory owners. A wide range of redistributive policies has helped those at the bottom of the ladder; the Gini coefficient is among the lowest in the world. For the time being, Belarus remains self-isolated from the West and its open-market economies. Growth has been strong in recent years, despite the roadblocks in a tough, centrally directed economy and the high, but decreasing, rate of inflation. Growth has been buoyed by increased Russian demand for generally noncompetitive Belarusian goods. | | GDP - per capita | $7,600 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 7.8% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets, flax; beef, milk | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 11.1%, industry: 38.4%, services: 50.4% (2004 est.) | | Industries | metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, televisions, chemical fibers, fertilizer, textiles, radios, refrigerators | | Economic aid - recipient | $194.3 million (1995) | | Debt - external | $4.662 billion (30 June 2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 27.1% (2003 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 14%, industry 34.7%, services 51.3% (2003 est.) |
Belarus: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 10,300,483 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | -0.09% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 49.6 | | Percent rural (2003) | 29.1% | | Median age (years) | total: 37.03 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.39 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Belarusian 81.2%, Russian 11.4%, Polish 3.9%, Ukrainian 2.4%, other 1.1% (1999 census) |
Largest Cities in Belarus
Cities and urban areas in Belarus with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Minsk | Belarus | 1764700 | 1764700 |
| Gomel | Belarus | 502600 | 502600 |
| Mogilev | Belarus | 373000 | 373000 |
| Vitebsk | Belarus | 355200 | 355200 |
| Hrodno | Belarus | 312900 | 312900 |
| Brest | Belarus | 305800 | 305800 |
| Babruysk | Belarus | 227700 | 227700 |
| Baranovici | Belarus | 176300 | 176300 |
| Borisov | Belarus | 154300 | 154300 |
| Pinsk | Belarus | 135400 | 135400 |
| Orsa | Belarus | 124100 | 124100 |
| Mozir | Belarus | 109100 | 109100 |
| Solegorsk | Belarus | 101100 | 101100 |
Belarus: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 3,071,300 (2003) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 1.118 million (2003) | | Roadways (km) | total: 93,055 km
paved: 93,055 km (2003) |
Belarus: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 68.72 years
male: 63.03 years
female: 74.69 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 13.37 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 0.3% (2001 est.) |
Belarus
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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