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Brazil
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
62.4% or about 519,522,000 ha of Brazil is forested, according to FAO. Of this 91.7% ( 476,573,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Brazil had 7,418,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Brazil lost an average of 2,765,850 ha or 0.48% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Brazil lost 9.6% of its forest cover, or around 55,317,000 ha.
Please note, this data is updated regularly here
Brazil's forests contain 62,607 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Brazil has some 3636 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 28.9% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 6.6% are threatened. Brazil is home to at least 56215 species of vascular plants. 3.9% of Brazil is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
2011 Update
In May 2011, Sassan Saatchi of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Lab and colleagues published a paper in PNAS with new carbon stock estimates for global tropical forests.
| Forest definition (canopy cover %) | 10% tree cover | 25% tree cover | 30% tree cover | | Forest Area (M ha) | 596 | 481 | 442 | | Aboveground forest carbon (Mt C) | 47,526 | 43,823 | 42,678 | | Belowground forest carbon (Mt C) | 13,303 | 12,087 | 11,696 | | Total forest carbon (Mt C) | 60,829 | 55,909 | 54,374 | | Average Carbon Density (t C/ha) | 102 | 116 | 123 |
M=million, t=metric tons; all figures are mean carbon stock values
Brazil Environmental profile | Brazil pictures
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Brazil
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Brazil: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 832512 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 519522 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 62 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 476573 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 92 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 43772 |
| Percent other wooded land | 5 |
Brazil: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 476573 | 92 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 35532 | 7 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 7418 | 1 |
Brazil: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 574839 | 545943 | 530494 | 519522 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -2890 | -3090 | -2194 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -0.51 | -0.57 | -0.42 | |
Brazil: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 569855 | 540767 | 524729 | 512104 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -2909 | -2909 | -2866 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -0.5 | -0.51 | -0.53
| |
Brazil: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 530041 | 501926 | 488254 | 476573 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -2812 | -2734 | -2336 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -0.54 | -0.55 | -0.48 | |
Brazil: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 4984 | 5176 | 5765 | 7418 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 19 | 118 | 331 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.38 | 2.18 | 5.17 | |
Brazil: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 23 | 4 | 0 | 49 |
Brazil: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 81 | 19 | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| - | - | - |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 63 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 |
Brazil: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 126221 | 243 | 345 | 125876 | 35 |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| - | - | | | |
Brazil: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 68119 | 65304 | 63679 | 62607 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 121 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| -282 | -325 | -214 |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Brazil: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| - | 100 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
Brazil: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 115254 | 92102 | 117048 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 162348 | 120552 | 122573 | 100 |
Brazil: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| 2559 | 1259 | 279 | 4097 | n.s. |
Brazil: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | 66 | 109 |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | 65 | 108 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | 1 | 1 |
Brazil: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): No (-)
Sub-national forest policy: Yes
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2000) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (1965)
Sub-national forest law: Yes
Brazil: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| - | - | 619 | - | 1080 | - |
Brazil: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 3272185 | 41288 | 1628 | 4204 | 583 | 45492 | 2212
|
Brazil: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Brazil: Environment
| Environment - current issues | deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south |
Brazil: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 6.96%
permanent crops: 0.9%
other: 92.15% (2001) | | Natural resources | bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber |
Brazil: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries and is expanding its presence in world markets. From 2001-03 real wages fell and Brazil's economy grew, on average, only 2.2% per year, as the country absorbed a series of domestic and international economic shocks. That Brazil absorbed these shocks without financial collapse is a tribute to the resiliency of the Brazilian economy and the economic program put in place by former President CARDOSO and strengthened by President LULA DA SILVA. In 2004, Brazil enjoyed more robust growth that yielded increases in employment and real wages. The three pillars of the economic program are a floating exchange rate, an inflation-targeting regime, and tight fiscal policy, all reinforced by a series of IMF programs. The currency depreciated sharply in 2001 and 2002, which contributed to a dramatic current account adjustment; in 2003 to 2005, Brazil ran record trade surpluses and recorded its first current account surpluses since 1992. Productivity gains - particularly in agriculture - also contributed to the surge in exports, and Brazil in 2005 surpassed the previous year's record export level. While economic management has been good, there remain important economic vulnerabilities. The most significant are debt-related: the government's largely domestic debt increased steadily from 1994 to 2003 - straining government finances - before falling as a percentage of GDP in 2005, while Brazil's foreign debt (a mix of private and public debt) is large in relation to Brazil's small (but growing) export base. Another challenge is maintaining economic growth over a period of time to generate employment and make the government debt burden more manageable. | | GDP - per capita | $8,500 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 2.6% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 10%, industry: 39.4%, services: 50.6% (2005 est.) | | Industries | textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment | | Economic aid - recipient | $30 billion (2002) | | Debt - external | $211.4 billion (30 June 2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 22% (1998 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 20%, industry 14%, services 66% (2003 est.) |
Brazil: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 186,112,794 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.06% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 22.0 | | Percent rural (2003) | 16.9% | | Median age (years) | total: 27.81 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.93 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2000 census) |
Largest Cities in Brazil
Cities and urban areas in Brasil with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Sao Paulo | Brazil | 10057700 | 18505100 |
| Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | 6029300 | 11246600 |
| Salvador | Brazil | 2539500 | 3173500 |
| Belo Horizonte | Brazil | 2307800 | 4413800 |
| Fortaleza | Brazil | 2230800 | 2976200 |
| Brasilia | Brazil | 2089500 | 2089500 |
| Curitiba | Brazil | 1642300 | 2835000 |
| Manaus | Brazil | 1524600 | 1524600 |
| Recife | Brazil | 1464100 | 3439500 |
| Porto Alegre | Brazil | 1355100 | 3646400 |
| Belem | Brazil | 1344900 | 1912600 |
| Goiania | Brazil | 1132600 | 1706300 |
| Guarulhos | Brazil | 1096800 | 1096800 |
| Campinas | Brazil | 993200 | 1365500 |
| Nova Iguacu | Brazil | 959100 | 959100 |
| Sao Goncalo | Brazil | 921000 | 921000 |
| Sao Luis | Brazil | 871800 | 1133800 |
| Maceio | Brazil | 850500 | 963300 |
| Duque de Caxias | Brazil | 797700 | 797700 |
| Natal | Brazil | 737900 | 1097000 |
| Sao Bernardo do Campo | Brazil | 714100 | 714100 |
| Teresina | Brazil | 705900 | 949600 |
| Campo Grande | Brazil | 685800 | 685800 |
| Osasco | Brazil | 669700 | 669700 |
| Santo Andre | Brazil | 665600 | 665600 |
| Joao Pessoa | Brazil | 614900 | 934900 |
| Jaboatao | Brazil | 613200 | 613200 |
| Contagem | Brazil | 566300 | 566300 |
| Sao Jose dos Campos | Brazil | 565400 | 794300 |
| Ribeirao Preto | Brazil | 526600 | 789900 |
| Sorocaba | Brazil | 516400 | 624500 |
| Uberlandia | Brazil | 514400 | 514400 |
| Cuiaba | Brazil | 502500 | 730900 |
| Aracaju | Brazil | 479900 | 741000 |
| Niteroi | Brazil | 467300 | 467300 |
| Sao Joao de Meriti | Brazil | 460600 | 460600 |
| Juiz de Fora | Brazil | 456800 | 456800 |
| Belford Roxo | Brazil | 450600 | 450600 |
| Londrina | Brazil | 449400 | 656100 |
| Feira de Santana | Brazil | 447800 | 447800 |
| Joinville | Brazil | 435800 | 435800 |
| Santos | Brazil | 423200 | 1556700 |
| Ananindeua | Brazil | 418500 | 418500 |
| Campos | Brazil | 378800 | 378800 |
| Maua | Brazil | 375200 | 375200 |
| Diadema | Brazil | 373300 | 373300 |
| Olinda | Brazil | 369500 | 369500 |
| Vila Velha | Brazil | 367000 | 367000 |
| Aparecida de Goiania | Brazil | 365500 | 365500 |
| Carapicuiba | Brazil | 353900 | 353900 |
| Sao Jose do Rio Preto | Brazil | 353200 | 353200 |
| Florianopolis | Brazil | 351800 | 712000 |
| Caxias do Sul | Brazil | 350700 | 350700 |
| Serra | Brazil | 345700 | 345700 |
| Campina Grande | Brazil | 342000 | 516700 |
| Piracicaba | Brazil | 330000 | 330000 |
| Cariacica | Brazil | 325800 | 325800 |
| Bauru | Brazil | 322500 | 322500 |
| Betim | Brazil | 320100 | 320100 |
| Canoas | Brazil | 316200 | 316200 |
| Sao Vicente | Brazil | 314900 | 314900 |
| Moji das Cruzes | Brazil | 313300 | 313300 |
| Jundiai | Brazil | 312000 | 312000 |
| Pelotas | Brazil | 310200 | 310200 |
| Vitoria | Brazil | 306200 | 1412700 |
| Montes Claros | Brazil | 304800 | 304800 |
| Macapa | Brazil | 301600 | 301600 |
| Anapolis | Brazil | 297400 | 297400 |
| Maringa | Brazil | 294800 | 294800 |
| Franca | Brazil | 293000 | 293000 |
| Itaquaquecetuba | Brazil | 292300 | 292300 |
| Porto Velho | Brazil | 292000 | 292000 |
| Guaruja | Brazil | 282900 | 282900 |
| Ponta Grossa | Brazil | 277200 | 277200 |
| Petropolis | Brazil | 276400 | 276400 |
| Paulista | Brazil | 273200 | 273200 |
| Ribeirao das Neves | Brazil | 271300 | 271300 |
| Foz do Iguacu | Brazil | 269100 | 583500 |
| Blumenau | Brazil | 261500 | 261500 |
| Limeira | Brazil | 256400 | 256400 |
| Uberaba | Brazil | 251200 | 251200 |
| Volta Redonda | Brazil | 249600 | 458400 |
| Governador Valadares | Brazil | 243900 | 243900 |
| Caucaia | Brazil | 242700 | 242700 |
| Novo Hamburgo | Brazil | 241300 | 241300 |
| Suzano | Brazil | 241000 | 241000 |
| Rio Branco | Brazil | 240500 | 240500 |
| Taubate | Brazil | 239900 | 239900 |
| Cascavel | Brazil | 239000 | 239000 |
| Santa Maria | Brazil | 238400 | 238400 |
| Vitoria da Conquista | Brazil | 234600 | 234600 |
| Viamao | Brazil | 230400 | 230400 |
| Varzea Grande | Brazil | 227000 | 227000 |
| Caruaru | Brazil | 225800 | 225800 |
| Imperatriz | Brazil | 222600 | 222600 |
| Barueri | Brazil | 222200 | 222200 |
| Gravatai | Brazil | 221800 | 221800 |
| Boa Vista | Brazil | 221100 | 221100 |
| Ipatinga | Brazil | 219000 | 219000 |
| Embu | Brazil | 213500 | 213500 |
| Juazeiro do Norte | Brazil | 212800 | 212800 |
| Praia Grande | Brazil | 209100 | 209100 |
| Sumare | Brazil | 205600 | 205600 |
| Taboao da Serra | Brazil | 205500 | 205500 |
| Mage | Brazil | 204400 | 204400 |
| Mossoro | Brazil | 202200 | 202200 |
| Santa Luzia | Brazil | 200900 | 200900 |
| Sao Leopoldo | Brazil | 199600 | 199600 |
| Marilia | Brazil | 198900 | 198900 |
| Itabuna | Brazil | 196800 | 196800 |
| Sao Jose dos Pinhais | Brazil | 196800 | 196800 |
| Presidente Prudente | Brazil | 196000 | 196000 |
| Jacarei | Brazil | 195200 | 195200 |
| Sao Carlos | Brazil | 192900 | 192900 |
| Santarem | Brazil | 192300 | 192300 |
| Alvorada | Brazil | 192200 | 192200 |
| Americana | Brazil | 189100 | 189100 |
| Sete Lagoas | Brazil | 188300 | 188300 |
| Colombo | Brazil | 187400 | 187400 |
| Divinopolis | Brazil | 184400 | 184400 |
| Rio Grande | Brazil | 183900 | 183900 |
| Maracanau | Brazil | 181800 | 181800 |
| Itaborai | Brazil | 181400 | 181400 |
| Sao Jose | Brazil | 180700 | 180700 |
| Araraquara | Brazil | 180000 | 180000 |
| Petrolina | Brazil | 176600 | 176600 |
| Itapevi | Brazil | 175200 | 175200 |
| Santa Barbara d'Oeste | Brazil | 173200 | 173200 |
| Rio Claro | Brazil | 170900 | 170900 |
| Passo Fundo | Brazil | 170100 | 170100 |
| Aracatuba | Brazil | 169000 | 169000 |
| Barra Mansa | Brazil | 168000 | 168000 |
| Cachoeiro de Itapemirim | Brazil | 167400 | 167400 |
| Hortolandia | Brazil | 166200 | 166200 |
| Camacari | Brazil | 164000 | 164000 |
| Ilheus | Brazil | 160500 | 160500 |
| Lages | Brazil | 159600 | 159600 |
| Arapiraca | Brazil | 159000 | 159000 |
| Criciuma | Brazil | 158700 | 158700 |
| Cotia | Brazil | 157900 | 157900 |
| Indaiatuba | Brazil | 155700 | 155700 |
| Nova Friburgo | Brazil | 155500 | 155500 |
| Nilopolis | Brazil | 155200 | 155200 |
| Dourados | Brazil | 155100 | 155100 |
| Ferraz de Vasconcelos | Brazil | 150200 | 150200 |
| Itajai | Brazil | 148700 | 148700 |
| Rondonopolis | Brazil | 148600 | 148600 |
| Palmas | Brazil | 148400 | 148400 |
| Guarapuava | Brazil | 146100 | 146100 |
| Francisco Morato | Brazil | 144700 | 144700 |
| Chapeco | Brazil | 143700 | 143700 |
| Sobral | Brazil | 143100 | 143100 |
| Luziania | Brazil | 142900 | 142900 |
| Sao Caetano do Sul | Brazil | 142300 | 142300 |
| Nossa Senhora do Socorro | Brazil | 141500 | 141500 |
| Maraba | Brazil | 140700 | 140700 |
| Cabo de Santo Agostinho | Brazil | 139100 | 139100 |
| Po�os de Caldas | Brazil | 137000 | 137000 |
| Ibirite | Brazil | 136600 | 136600 |
| Camaragibe | Brazil | 136500 | 136500 |
| Itapecerica da Serra | Brazil | 136400 | 136400 |
| Juazeiro | Brazil | 133800 | 133800 |
| Macae | Brazil | 132200 | 132200 |
| Parnaiba | Brazil | 130600 | 130600 |
| Jequie | Brazil | 130000 | 130000 |
| Itu | Brazil | 129900 | 129900 |
| Castanhal | Brazil | 128800 | 128800 |
| Paranagua | Brazil | 128600 | 128600 |
| Queimados | Brazil | 128000 | 128000 |
| Sapucaia | Brazil | 125800 | 125800 |
| Barreiras | Brazil | 125700 | 125700 |
| Angra dos Reis | Brazil | 125500 | 125500 |
| Pindamonhangaba | Brazil | 124700 | 124700 |
| Sabara | Brazil | 123200 | 123200 |
| Mogi Guacu | Brazil | 121700 | 121700 |
| Uruguaiana | Brazil | 121000 | 121000 |
| Teresopolis | Brazil | 119600 | 119600 |
| Parnamirim | Brazil | 119000 | 119000 |
| Lauro de Freitas | Brazil | 118600 | 118600 |
| Itapetininga | Brazil | 117600 | 117600 |
| Timon | Brazil | 117500 | 117500 |
| Braganca Paulista | Brazil | 117000 | 117000 |
| Patos de Minas | Brazil | 116700 | 116700 |
| Alagoinhas | Brazil | 116200 | 116200 |
| Rio Verde | Brazil | 113600 | 113600 |
| Cachoeirinha | Brazil | 112700 | 112700 |
| Cubatao | Brazil | 112500 | 112500 |
| Jau | Brazil | 112000 | 112000 |
| Barbacena | Brazil | 110300 | 110300 |
| Araguaina | Brazil | 110000 | 110000 |
| Caxias | Brazil | 109300 | 109300 |
| Cabo Frio | Brazil | 109200 | 109200 |
| Varginha | Brazil | 108600 | 108600 |
| Botucatu | Brazil | 108300 | 108300 |
| Ribeirao Pires | Brazil | 108200 | 108200 |
| Pinhais | Brazil | 108100 | 108100 |
| Catanduva | Brazil | 107500 | 107500 |
| Garanhuns | Brazil | 106800 | 106800 |
| Santa Rita | Brazil | 106300 | 106300 |
| Jaragua do Sul | Brazil | 105900 | 105900 |
| Palhoca | Brazil | 105800 | 105800 |
| Teixeira de Freitas | Brazil | 105500 | 105500 |
| Conselheiro Lafaiete | Brazil | 104200 | 104200 |
| Franco da Rocha | Brazil | 104200 | 104200 |
| Pouso Alegre | Brazil | 103800 | 103800 |
| Apucarana | Brazil | 103600 | 103600 |
| Teofilo Otoni | Brazil | 103600 | 103600 |
| Vitoria de Santo Antao | Brazil | 103300 | 103300 |
| Resende | Brazil | 103100 | 103100 |
Brazil: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 38.81 million (2002) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 46,373,300 (2003) | | Roadways (km) | total: 1,724,929 km
paved: 94,871 km
unpaved: 1,630,058 km (2000) |
Brazil: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 71.69 years
male: 67.74 years
female: 75.85 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 29.61 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 0.7% (2003 est.) |
Brazil
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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