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Burundi
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
6.7% or about 172,000 ha of Burundi is forested, according to FAO. Of this 23.3% ( 40,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Burundi had 69,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Burundi lost an average of 5,850 ha or 2.02% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Burundi lost 40.5% of its forest cover, or around 117,000 ha.
Burundi's forests contain 17 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Burundi has some 819 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.7% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 2.7% are threatened. Burundi is home to at least 2500 species of vascular plants. 0.0% of Burundi is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
2011 Update
In May 2011, Sassan Saatchi of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Lab and colleagues published a paper in PNAS with new carbon stock estimates for global tropical forests.
| Forest definition (canopy cover %) | 10% tree cover | 25% tree cover | 30% tree cover | | Forest Area (M ha) | 1 | 0 | 0 | | Aboveground forest carbon (Mt C) | 34 | 15 | 11 | | Belowground forest carbon (Mt C) | 10 | 4 | 3 | | Total forest carbon (Mt C) | 44 | 19 | 15 | | Average Carbon Density (t C/ha) | 54 | 64 | 70 |
M=million, t=metric tons; all figures are mean carbon stock values
Burundi Environmental profile
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Burundi
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Burundi: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 2568 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 172 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 7 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 40 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 23 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 722 |
| Percent other wooded land | 28 |
Burundi: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 40 | 23 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 63 | 37 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 69 | 40 |
Burundi: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 289 | 198 | 181 | 172 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -9 | -3 | -2 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -3.71 | -1.78 | -1.01 | |
Burundi: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 289 | 112 | 103 | 103 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -18 | -18 | -1 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -6.1 | -6.12 | -0.8
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Burundi: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 110 | 40 | 40 | 40 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -7 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -9.62 | 0 | 0 | |
Burundi: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 0 | 86 | 78 | 69 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 9 | -2 | -2 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | -1.93 | -2.42 | |
Burundi: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 91 |
Burundi: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| - | - | - |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Burundi: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 20 | 117 | - | - | - |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| - | - | | | |
Burundi: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 25 | 19 | 18 | 17 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 96 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| -1 | n.s. | n.s. |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 1.0 | n.s. | n.s. |
Burundi: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| - | - |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
Burundi: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 58 | 372 | 383 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 6663 | 7845 | 9815 | 100 |
Burundi: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| 2 | 13 | - | - | - |
Burundi: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
Burundi: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (2006)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (-) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (1985)
Sub-national forest law: No
Burundi: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| 137 | - | 231 | 11 | 87 | 11 |
Burundi: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | -
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Burundi: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Burundi: Environment
| Environment - current issues | soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea | | Natural hazards | flooding, landslides, drought |
Burundi: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 35.05%
permanent crops: 14.02%
other: 50.93% (2001) | | Natural resources | nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone |
Burundi: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with more than 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Economic growth depends on coffee and tea exports, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports, therefore, rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. The Tutsi minority, 14% of the population, dominates the government and the coffee trade at the expense of the Hutu majority, 85% of the population. Since October 1993 an ethnic-based war has resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced 450,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in ten adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply. Political stability and the end of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has increased, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor education rates, a weak legal system, and low administrative capacity - risk undermining planned economic reforms. | | GDP - per capita | $700 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 5.5% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 45.6%, industry: 20.8%, services: 33.6% (2005 est.) | | Industries | light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing | | Economic aid - recipient | $105.5 million (2003) | | Debt - external | $1.2 billion (2003) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 68% (2002 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 93.6%, industry 2.3%, services 4.1% (2002 est.) |
Burundi: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 6,370,609 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 2.22% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 248.4 | | Percent rural (2003) | 90.1% | | Median age (years) | total: 16.6 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 5.81 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000 |
Largest Cities in Burundi
Cities and urban areas in Burundi with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Bujumbura | Burundi | 323200 | 323200 |
Burundi: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 23,900 (2003) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 64,000 (2003) | | Roadways (km) | total: 14,480 km
paved: 1,028 km
unpaved: 13,452 km (1999) |
Burundi: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 50.29 years
male: 49.61 years
female: 50.99 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 69.29 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 6% (2003 est.) | | Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria (2004) |
Burundi
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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