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Cambodia
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
57.2% or about 10,094,000 ha of Cambodia is forested, according to FAO. Of this 3.2% ( 322,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Cambodia had 69,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Cambodia lost an average of 142,500 ha or 1.10% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Cambodia lost 22.0% of its forest cover, or around 2,850,000 ha.
Cambodia's forests contain 464 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Cambodia has some 775 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 1.4% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 7.7% are threatened. 20.5% of Cambodia is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
2011 Update
In May 2011, Sassan Saatchi of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Lab and colleagues published a paper in PNAS with new carbon stock estimates for global tropical forests.
| Forest definition (canopy cover %) | 10% tree cover | 25% tree cover | 30% tree cover | | Forest Area (M ha) | 13 | 9 | 8 | | Aboveground forest carbon (Mt C) | 1,112 | 880 | 811 | | Belowground forest carbon (Mt C) | 309 | 241 | 220 | | Total forest carbon (Mt C) | 1,421 | 1,121 | 1,031 | | Average Carbon Density (t C/ha) | 110 | 127 | 132 |
M=million, t=metric tons; all figures are mean carbon stock values
Cambodia Environmental profile | Cambodia pictures
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Cambodia
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Cambodia: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 17652 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 10094 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 57 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 322 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 3 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 133 |
| Percent other wooded land | 1 |
Cambodia: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 322 | 3 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 9703 | 96 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 69 | 1 |
Cambodia: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 12944 | 11546 | 10731 | 10094 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -140 | -163 | -127 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -1.14 | -1.45 | -1.22 | |
Cambodia: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 12877 | 11467 | 10657 | 10025 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -141 | -141 | -144 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -1.1 | -1.09 | -1.26
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Cambodia: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 766 | 456 | 322 | 322 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -31 | -27 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -5.05 | -6.72 | 0 | |
Cambodia: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 67 | 79 | 74 | 69 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 1 | -1 | -1 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 1.66 | -1.30 | -1.39 | |
Cambodia: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 33 | 5 | 39 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 17 |
Cambodia: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| - | - | - |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| - | - | - | 2 | - |
Cambodia: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 959 | 95 | - | - | - |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| - | - | | | |
Cambodia: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 609 | 537 | 495 | 464 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 46 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| -7 | -8 | -6 |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Cambodia: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| - | - |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
Cambodia: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 625 | 182 | 4 | - |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 94 | 0 | 1 | - |
Cambodia: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| - | - | - | - | - |
Cambodia: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 19 | 16 | 16 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
Cambodia: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (2002)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2007) In formulation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (2002)
Sub-national forest law: No
Cambodia: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| 752 | - | 1722 | 8 | 1600 | 8 |
Cambodia: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 1415 | 1005 | - | - | - | 1005 | -
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Cambodia: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Cambodia: Environment
| Environment - current issues | illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea | | Natural hazards | monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts |
Cambodia: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 20.96%
permanent crops: 0.61%
other: 78.43% (2001) | | Natural resources | oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential |
Cambodia: Economy
| Economy - overview: | In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, the government made progress on economic reforms. The United States and Cambodia signed a Bilateral Textile Agreement, which gave Cambodia a guaranteed quota of US textile imports and established a bonus for improving working conditions and enforcing Cambodian labor laws and international labor standards in the industry. From 2001 to 2004, the economy grew at an average rate of 6.4%, driven largely by an expansion in the garment sector and tourism. With the January 2005 expiration of a WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, Cambodia-based textile producers were forced to compete directly with lower priced producing countries such as China and India. Economic growth slowed to an estimated 3.8% in 2005, due to sharply higher competitive pressures in the garment industry and early droughts in 14 of 24 provinces. Faced with the possibility that that its vibrant garment industry, with more than 200,000 jobs, could be in serious danger, the Cambodian government has committed itself to a policy of continued support for high labor standards in an attempt to maintain favor with buyers. The tourism industry continues to grow rapidly, with foreign visitors surpassing one million for the year by September 2005. The long-term development of the economy remains a daunting challenge. The Cambodian government continues to work with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs. In December 2004, official donors pledged $504 million in aid for 2005 on the condition that the Cambodian government implement steps to reduce corruption. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. More than 50% of the population is 20 years or younger. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fully 75% of the population remains engaged in subsistence farming. | | GDP - per capita | $2,100 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 4% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 32.9%, industry: 29.2%, services: 37.9% (2004) | | Industries | tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles | | Economic aid - recipient | $504 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2005 by international donors | | Debt - external | $800 million (2003 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 40% (2004 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 75% (2004 est.) |
Cambodia: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 13,607,069 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.81% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 77.1 | | Percent rural (2003) | 81.4% | | Median age (years) | total: 19.91 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 3.44 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4% |
Largest Cities in Cambodia
Cities and urban areas in Cambodia with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Phnom Penh | Cambodia | 1133800 | 1133800 |
| Batdambang | Cambodia | 195000 | 195000 |
| Siem Riep | Cambodia | 142300 | 142300 |
Cambodia: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 35,400 (2002) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 380,000 (2002) | | Roadways (km) | total: 12,323 km
paved: 1,996 km
unpaved: 10,327 km (2000) |
Cambodia: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 58.92 years
male: 56.98 years
female: 60.95 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 71.48 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 2.6% (2003 est.) | | Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis are high risks in some locations
note: at present, H5N1 avian influenza poses a minimal risk; during outbreaks among birds, rare cases could occur among US personnel who have close contact with infected birds or poultry (2005) |
Cambodia
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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