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Denmark
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
12.8% or about 544,000 ha of Denmark is forested, according to FAO. Of this 4.6% ( 25,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Denmark had 407,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Denmark lost an average of 4,950 ha or 1.11% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Denmark gained 22.2% of its forest cover, or around 99,000 ha.
Denmark's forests contain 37 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Denmark has some 531 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.8% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 2.6% are threatened. Denmark is home to at least 1450 species of vascular plants, of which 0.1% are endemic. 21.8% of Denmark is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Denmark
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Denmark: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 4243 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 544 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 13 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 25 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 5 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 47 |
| Percent other wooded land | 1 |
Denmark: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 25 | 5 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 112 | 21 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 407 | 75 |
Denmark: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 445 | 486 | 534 | 544 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 4 | 10 | 2 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.89 | 1.90 | 0.37 | |
Denmark: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 114.00 | 125.00 | 137.00 | 137.00 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 1.0 | 0.96 | 0.96
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Denmark: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 21 | 23 | 25 | 25 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.91 | 1.68 | 0 | |
Denmark: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 331 | 361 | 397 | 407 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 3 | 7 | 2 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.87 | 1.92 | 0.50 | |
Denmark: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 55 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 11 |
Denmark: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 30 | 69 | 1 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| 64 | 36 | 0 |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Denmark: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 108 | 199 | 51 | 58 | 100 |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| 1 | 23 | | | |
Denmark: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 22 | 26 | 36 | 37 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 68 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | 2 | n.s. |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | 3.1 | n.s. |
Denmark: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| n.s. | 100 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| 4 | 2 | 15 | 34 | 55 | 10 |
Denmark: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 1498 | 1456 | 1231 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 451 | 644 | 1080 | 100 |
Denmark: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| 62 | 32 | - | - | - |
Denmark: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 4 | 4 | 4 |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 4 | 4 | 4 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Denmark: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (2002)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2002) In formulation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (2004)
Sub-national forest law: No
Denmark: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| - | - | - | - | 434 | 30 |
Denmark: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 34051 | 99851 | 22311 | 0 | 0 | 99851 | 22311
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Denmark: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Denmark: Environment
| Environment - current issues | air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes |
Denmark: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 54.02%
permanent crops: 0.19%
other: 45.79% (2001) | | Natural resources | petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand |
Denmark: Economy
| Economy - overview: | This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, a stable currency, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus. Government objectives include streamlining the bureaucracy and further privatization of state assets. The government has been successful in meeting, and even exceeding, the economic convergence criteria for participating in the third phase (a common European currency) of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), but Denmark has decided not to join 12 other EU members in the euro; even so, the Danish krone remains pegged to the euro. Growth in 2005 was sluggish, yet above the scanty 0.3% of 2003. Because of high GDP per capita, welfare benefits, a low Gini index, and political stability, the Danish people enjoy living standards topped by no other nation. A major long-term issue will be the sharp decline in the ratio of workers to retirees. | | GDP - per capita | $33,500 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 2.2% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | barley, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 2.2%, industry: 24%, services: 73.8% (2005 est.) | | Industries | iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills | | Population below poverty line (%) | NA | | Debt - external | $352.9 billion (30 June 2005) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 4%, industry 17%, services 79% (2002 est.) |
Denmark: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 5,432,335 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 0.34% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 128.1 | | Percent rural (2003) | 14.7% | | Median age (years) | total: 39.47 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.74 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali |
Largest Cities in Denmark
Cities and urban areas in Denmark with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Copenhagen | Denmark | 1096100 | 1096100 |
| Aarhus | Denmark | 219000 | 219000 |
| Odense | Denmark | 145300 | 145300 |
| Aalborg | Denmark | 120000 | 120000 |
Denmark: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 3,610,100 (2003) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 4,785,300 (2003) | | Roadways (km) | total: 71,847 km
paved: 71,847 km (including 920 km of expressways) (2002) |
Denmark: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 77.62 years
male: 75.34 years
female: 80.03 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 4.56 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 0.2% (2003 est.) |
Denmark
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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