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Kenya
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
6.1% or about 3,467,000 ha of Kenya is forested, according to FAO. Of this 18.9% ( 654,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Kenya had 197,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Kenya lost an average of 12,050 ha or 0.32% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Kenya lost 6.5% of its forest cover, or around 241,000 ha.
Kenya's forests contain 476 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Kenya has some 1847 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 4.0% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 3.8% are threatened. Kenya is home to at least 6506 species of vascular plants, of which 4.1% are endemic. 6.0% of Kenya is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
2011 Update
In May 2011, Sassan Saatchi of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Lab and colleagues published a paper in PNAS with new carbon stock estimates for global tropical forests.
Forest definition (canopy cover %) | 10% tree cover | 25% tree cover | 30% tree cover | Forest Area (M ha) | 4 | 2 | 2 | Aboveground forest carbon (Mt C) | 160 | 86 | 69 | Belowground forest carbon (Mt C) | 49 | 26 | 21 | Total forest carbon (Mt C) | 209 | 111 | 90 | Average Carbon Density (t C/ha) | 47 | 54 | 57 | M=million, t=metric tons; all figures are mean carbon stock values
Kenya Environmental profile
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Kenya
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Kenya: Forest Cover, 2010
Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 56914 |
Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 3467 |
Percent Forest Cover | 6 |
Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 654 |
Primary Forest, % total forest | 19 |
Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 28650 |
Percent other wooded land | 50 |
Kenya: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 654 | 19 |
Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 2616 | 75 |
Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 197 | 6 |
Kenya: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
3708 | 3582 | 3522 | 3467 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -13 | -12 | -11 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -0.35 | -0.34 | -0.31 | |
Kenya: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
3470.00 | 3370.00 | 3320.00 | 3270.00 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -10 | -10.00 | -10.00 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -0.3 | -0.29 | -0.30
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Kenya: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
694 | 674 | 664 | 654 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -2 | -2 | -2 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -0.29 | -0.30 | -0.30 | |
Kenya: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
238 | 212 | 202 | 197 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -3 | -2 | -1 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -1.15 | -0.96 | -0.50 | |
Kenya: Primary designated function (percent)
Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
6 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kenya: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
39 | 61 | 0 |
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
n.s. | 4 | 96 |
HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kenya: Growing stock in forest
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
629 | 181 | 60 | 569 | 9 |
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
458 | 16 | | | |
Kenya: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS (million metric tons) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
525 | 503 | 489 | 476 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS (per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 137 |
ANNUAL CHANGE (1 000 t/yr) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| -2 | -3 | -3 |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE (t/ha/yr) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Kenya: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
FOREST FIRE |
1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
2 | 100 |
EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
- | - | - | - | - | - |
Kenya: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
2003 | 2213 | 1646 | 100 |
WOODFUEL Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
19381 | 22631 | 27359 | 100 |
Kenya: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals (million US$) | Value per ha forest (US$) |
Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
- | - | - | - | - |
Kenya: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL (1000 full-time employees) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
- | - | - |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY (1000 full-time employees) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
2 | 2 | 2 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION (1000 full-time employees) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
- | - | - |
Kenya: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (2006)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2007) Temporarily suspended
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (2005)
Sub-national forest law: No
Kenya: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
# | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
- | - | - | - | 5351 | 20 |
Kenya: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
(1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
- | - | - | - | - | - | -
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Kenya: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Kenya: Environment
Environment - current issues | water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | Natural hazards | recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons |
Kenya: Land use / Resources
Land use (%) | arable land: 8.08% permanent crops: 0.98% other: 90.94% (2001) | Natural resources | limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower |
Kenya: Economy
Economy - overview: | The regional hub for trade and finance in East Africa, Kenya has been hampered by corruption and by reliance upon several primary goods whose prices have remained low. In 1997, the IMF suspended Kenya's Enhanced Structural Adjustment Program due to the government's failure to maintain reforms and curb corruption. A severe drought from 1999 to 2000 compounded Kenya's problems, causing water and energy rationing and reducing agricultural output. As a result, GDP contracted by 0.2% in 2000. The IMF, which had resumed loans in 2000 to help Kenya through the drought, again halted lending in 2001 when the government failed to institute several anticorruption measures. Despite the return of strong rains in 2001, weak commodity prices, endemic corruption, and low investment limited Kenya's economic growth to 1.2%. Growth lagged at 1.1% in 2002 because of erratic rains, low investor confidence, meager donor support, and political infighting up to the elections. In the key 27 December 2002 elections, Daniel Arap MOI's 24-year-old reign ended, and a new opposition government took on the formidable economic problems facing the nation. In 2003, progress was made in rooting out corruption and encouraging donor support. GDP grew 5% in 2005. | GDP - per capita | $1,200 (2005 est.) | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 5% (2005 est.) | Agriculture - products | tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 16.3%, industry: 18.8%, services: 65.1% (2004 est.) | Industries | small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products; oil refining, aluminum, steel, lead, cement; commercial ship repair, tourism | Economic aid - recipient | $453 million (1997) | Debt - external | $7.349 billion (2005 est.) | Population below poverty line (%) | 50% (2000 est.) | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 75% (2003 est.) |
Kenya: Population / Demographics
Population (July 2005) | 33,829,590 | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 2.56% | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 59.4 | Percent rural (2003) | 60.6% | Median age (years) | total: 18.19 years | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 4.96 (2005 est.) | Ethnic groups (%) | Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1% |
Largest Cities in Kenya
Cities and urban areas in Kenya with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
Nairobi | Kenya | 2510800 | 3043100 |
Mombasa | Kenya | 707400 | 707400 |
Nakuru | Kenya | 337200 | 337200 |
Kisumu | Kenya | 273400 | 273400 |
Eldoret | Kenya | 249100 | 249100 |
Nyeri | Kenya | 213000 | 213000 |
Machakos | Kenya | 179500 | 179500 |
Meru | Kenya | 140900 | 140900 |
Kenya: Infrastructure
Telephones - main lines in use | 328,400 (2003) | Telephones - mobile cellular | 1,590,800 (2003) | Roadways (km) | total: 63,942 km paved: 7,737 km unpaved: 56,205 km (2000) |
Kenya: Health
Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 47.99 years male: 48.87 years female: 47.09 years (2005 est.) | Infant mortality rate | 61.47 deaths/1,000 live births | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 6.7% (2003 est.) | Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria is a high risk in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004) |
Kenya
: References & Data Sources
Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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