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Kyrgyzstan
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
5.0% or about 954,000 ha of Kyrgyzstan is forested, according to FAO. Of this 28.2% ( 269,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Kyrgyzstan had 57,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Kyrgyzstan lost an average of 5,900 ha or 0.71% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Kyrgyzstan gained 14.1% of its forest cover, or around 118,000 ha.
Kyrgyzstan's forests contain 56 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Kyrgyzstan has some 302 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.7% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 4.0% are threatened. Kyrgyzstan is home to at least 4500 species of vascular plants. 3.1% of Kyrgyzstan is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Kyrgyzstan
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Kyrgyzstan: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 19180 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 954 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 5 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 269 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 28 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 390 |
| Percent other wooded land | 2 |
Kyrgyzstan: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 269 | 28 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 628 | 66 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 57 | 6 |
Kyrgyzstan: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 836 | 858 | 869 | 954 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 2 | 2 | 17 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.26 | 0.26 | 1.87 | |
Kyrgyzstan: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 790 | 799 | 803 | 897 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 1 | 1 | 10 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.1 | 0.11 | 1.23
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Kyrgyzstan: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 237 | 240 | 241 | 269 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | 6 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.10 | 0.11 | 2.23 | |
Kyrgyzstan: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 46 | 59 | 66 | 57 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 1 | 1 | -2 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 2.68 | 2.23 | -3.05 | |
Kyrgyzstan: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 0 | 75 | 9 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
Kyrgyzstan: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| - | - | - |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 99 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Kyrgyzstan: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 45 | 47 | 32 | 13 | 0 |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| - | - | | | |
Kyrgyzstan: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 27 | 34 | 37 | 56 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 59 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 1 | 1 | 4 |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 0.7 | 0.7 | 3.2 |
Kyrgyzstan: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| n.s. | 100 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| 29 | 1 | - | - | 30 | 3 |
Kyrgyzstan: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 7 | 13 | 9 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| - | 32 | 16 | 100 |
Kyrgyzstan: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| n.s. | n.s. | - | - | - |
Kyrgyzstan: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | 5 | 3 |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 3 | 4 | 3 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | n.s. | n.s. |
Kyrgyzstan: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (2004)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2005) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (1999)
Sub-national forest law: No
Kyrgyzstan: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| - | - | - | - | 1877 | 12 |
Kyrgyzstan: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 1005 | 520 | - | - | - | 520 | -
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Kyrgyzstan: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Kyrgyzstan: Environment
| Environment - current issues | water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | NA |
Kyrgyzstan: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 7.3%
permanent crops: 0.35%
other: 92.35%
note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest (2001) | | Natural resources | abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc |
Kyrgyzstan: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Kyrgyzstan is a poor, mountainous country with a predominantly agricultural economy. Cotton, tobacco, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only tobacco and cotton are exported in any quantity. Industrial exports include gold, mercury, uranium, and natural gas and electricity. Kyrgyzstan has been fairly progressive in carrying out market reforms, such as an improved regulatory system and land reform. Kyrgyzstan was the first CIS country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production had been severe after the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995 production began to recover and exports began to increase. Kyrgyzstan has distinguished itself by adopting relatively liberal economic policies. The drop in output at the Kumtor gold mine sparked a 0.5% decline in GDP in 2002, but GDP growth bounced back to nearly 6% in 2003-05. The government has made steady strides in controlling its substantial fiscal deficit and reduced the deficit to 1% of GDP in 2005. The government and the international financial institutions have been engaged in a comprehensive medium-term poverty reduction and economic growth strategy, and in 2005 agreed to pursue much-needed tax reform. Progress fighting corruption, further restructuring of domestic industry, and success in attracting foreign investment are keys to future growth. | | GDP - per capita | $1,800 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 2% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 37.1%, industry: 21.9%, services: 41% (2005 est.) | | Industries | small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals | | Economic aid - recipient | $50 million from the US (2001) | | Debt - external | $2.428 billion (31 December 2004 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 40% (2004 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 55%, industry 15%, services 30% (2000 est.) |
Kyrgyzstan: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 5,146,281 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.29% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 26.9 | | Percent rural (2003) | 66.1% | | Median age (years) | total: 23.39 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 2.7 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Kyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%, Ukrainian 1%, Uygur 1%, other 5.7% (1999 census) |
Largest Cities in Kyrgyzstan
Cities and urban areas in Kyrgyzstan with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Bishkek | Kyrgyzstan | 808900 | 808900 |
| Osh | Kyrgyzstan | 221300 | 221300 |
Kyrgyzstan: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 394,800 (2002) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 53,100 (2002) | | Roadways (km) | total: 18,500 km
paved: 16,854 km
unpaved: 1,646 km (1999) |
Kyrgyzstan: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 68.16 years
male: 64.16 years
female: 72.38 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 35.64 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | less than 0.1% (2001 est.) |
Kyrgyzstan
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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