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Morocco
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
11.5% or about 5,131,000 ha of Morocco is forested, according to FAO. Morocco had 621,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Morocco lost an average of 4,100 ha or 0.08% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Morocco gained 1.6% of its forest cover, or around 82,000 ha.
Morocco's forests contain 223 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Morocco has some 675 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 4.3% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 4.3% are threatened. Morocco is home to at least 3675 species of vascular plants, of which 17.0% are endemic. 0.8% of Morocco is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Morocco
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Morocco: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 44630 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 5131 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 11 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 0 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 0 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 631 |
| Percent other wooded land | 1 |
Morocco: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 0 | 0 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 4510 | 88 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 621 | 12 |
Morocco: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 5049 | 5017 | 5081 | 5131 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -3 | 13 | 10 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -0.06 | 0.25 | 0.20 | |
Morocco: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 4571 | 4494 | 4520 | 4510 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -8 | -8 | 2 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -0.2 | -0.17 | 0.04
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Morocco: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | - | - | |
Morocco: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 478 | 523 | 561 | 621 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 5 | 8 | 12 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.90 | 1.41 | 2.05 | |
Morocco: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 21 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 67 | 0 | 0 |
Morocco: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 99 | 1 | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| - | - | - |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Morocco: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 187 | 36 | 56 | 131 | 71 |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| 1 | 2 | | | |
Morocco: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 190 | 212 | 224 | 223 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 43 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 2 | 2 | n.s. |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Morocco: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| 4 | 100 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| 33 | - | 16 | - | 49 | 1 |
Morocco: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 508 | 470 | 580 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 504 | 427 | 367 | 100 |
Morocco: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| 30 | 6 | 13 | 49 | n.s. |
Morocco: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 38 | 38 | 58 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
Morocco: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (2006)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (1999) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (1917)
Sub-national forest law: No
Morocco: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| - | - | 5300 | 12 | 5757 | 13 |
Morocco: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 76838 | 170675 | 517 | 14255 | 0 | 184930 | 517
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Morocco: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Morocco: Environment
| Environment - current issues | land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea | | Natural hazards | northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts |
Morocco: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 19.61%
permanent crops: 2.17%
other: 78.22% (2001) | | Natural resources | phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt |
Morocco: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Morocco faces problems typical for developing countries: restraining government spending, reducing constraints on private activity and foreign trade, and achieving sustainable growth. Despite structural adjustment programs supported by the IMF, the World Bank, and the Paris Club, the dirham is only fully convertible for current account transactions. In 2004 Moroccan authorities instituted measures to boost foreign direct investment and trade by signing a free trade agreement with the US and selling government shares in the state telecommunications company and in the largest state-owned bank. Favorable rainfall over the past two years has boosted agricultural output and GDP growth passed 4% in 2004. In 2005 GDP growth slipped to 1.8% and the budget deficit rose sharply - to 7.5% of GDP - because of substantial increases in wages and oil subsidies. Long-term challenges include preparing the economy for freer trade with the US and European Union, improving education and job prospects for Morocco's youth, and raising living standards. | | GDP - per capita | $4,300 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 1.8% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | barley, wheat, citrus, wine, vegetables, olives; livestock | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 21.7%, industry: 35.7%, services: 42.6% (2004 est.) | | Industries | phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism | | Economic aid - recipient | ODA $218 million (2002) | | Debt - external | $15.6 billion (2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 19% (1999 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 40%, industry 15%, services 45% (2003 est.) |
Morocco: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 32,725,847 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.57% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 73.3 | | Percent rural (2003) | 42.5% | | Median age (years) | total: 23.61 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 2.73 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Arab-Berber 99.1%, other 0.7%, Jewish 0.2% |
Largest Cities in Morocco
Cities and urban areas in Morocco with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Casablanca | Morocco | 3344300 | 3344300 |
| Rabat | Morocco | 1600700 | 1600700 |
| Fez | Morocco | 921200 | 921200 |
| Marrakech | Morocco | 745800 | 745800 |
| Agadir | Morocco | 610600 | 610600 |
| Tangiers | Morocco | 591300 | 591300 |
| Meknes | Morocco | 562000 | 562000 |
| Oujda | Morocco | 342900 | 342900 |
| Kenitra | Morocco | 335800 | 335800 |
| Tetouan | Morocco | 330100 | 330100 |
| Asfi | Morocco | 288900 | 288900 |
| Huribgah | Morocco | 164600 | 164600 |
| Beni Mellal | Morocco | 155600 | 155600 |
| El Jadida | Morocco | 131200 | 131200 |
| Ksar el Kabir | Morocco | 127300 | 127300 |
| Nador | Morocco | 109600 | 109600 |
| El Araich | Morocco | 107500 | 107500 |
| Khamissat | Morocco | 106400 | 106400 |
| Sattat | Morocco | 104100 | 104100 |
Morocco: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 1,219,200 (2003) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 7,332,800 (2003) | | Roadways (km) | total: 57,694 km
paved: 32,551 km (including 481 km of expressways)
unpaved: 25,143 km (2002) |
Morocco: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 70.66 years
male: 68.35 years
female: 73.07 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 41.62 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 0.1% (2001 est.) | | Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases: may be a significant risk in some locations during the transmission season (typically April through November) (2004) |
Morocco
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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