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New Zealand
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
30.9% or about 8,269,000 ha of New Zealand is forested, according to FAO. Of this 25.9% ( 2,144,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. New Zealand had 1,812,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, New Zealand lost an average of 27,450 ha or 0.36% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, New Zealand gained 7.1% of its forest cover, or around 549,000 ha.
New Zealand's forests contain 1,292 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: New Zealand has some 484 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 39.0% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 20.2% are threatened. New Zealand is home to at least 2382 species of vascular plants, of which 81.5% are endemic. 24.0% of New Zealand is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
New Zealand pictures
The following contains data relating to forest cover in New Zealand
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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New Zealand: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 26771 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 8269 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 31 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 2144 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 26 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 2557 |
| Percent other wooded land | 10 |
New Zealand: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 2144 | 26 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 4313 | 52 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 1812 | 22 |
New Zealand: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 7720 | 8266 | 8311 | 8269 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 55 | 9 | -8 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.69 | 0.11 | -0.10 | |
New Zealand: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 6459 | 6457 | 6457 | 6457 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.0 | 0 | 0
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New Zealand: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| - | - | 2144 | 2144 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | - | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | - | 0 | |
New Zealand: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 1261 | 1809 | 1854 | 1812 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 55 | 9 | -8 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 3.67 | 0.49 | -0.46 | |
New Zealand: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 24 | 1 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
New Zealand: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 64 | 36 | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| - | 16 | - |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
New Zealand: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 3586 | 434 | 968 | 2618 | 14 |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| 258 | 101 | | | |
New Zealand: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| - | - | 1263 | 1292 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 156 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| - | - | 6 |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| - | - | 0.9 |
New Zealand: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| n.s. | 100 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| 40 | 320 | 140 | 27 | - | - |
New Zealand: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 13842 | 21280 | 23734 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| - | - | - | - |
New Zealand: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| 1447 | - | 28 | - | - |
New Zealand: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 7 | 8 | 9 |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 6 | 7 | 8 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 1 | 1 | 2 |
New Zealand: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (1990)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: No (-) -
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (1993)
Sub-national forest law: No
New Zealand: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| 1490 | - | 1746 | - | 1875 | - |
New Zealand: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 101966 | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | -
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New Zealand: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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New Zealand: Environment
| Environment - current issues | deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation | | Natural hazards | earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity |
New Zealand: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 5.6%
permanent crops: 6.99%
other: 87.41% (2001) | | Natural resources | natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone |
New Zealand: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. Per capita income has risen for six consecutive years and is now more than $24,000 in purchasing power parity terms. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products - to drive growth. Exports are equal to about 20% of GDP. Thus far the economy has been resilient, and the Labor Government promises that expenditures on health, education, and pensions will increase proportionately to output. | | GDP - per capita | $24,100 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 2.5% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, lamb and mutton, dairy products; fish | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 4.7%, industry: 27.8%, services: 67.6% (2005 est.) | | Industries | food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining | | Population below poverty line (%) | NA | | Debt - external | $57.67 billion (2005 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 10%, industry 25%, services 65% (1995) |
New Zealand: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 4,035,461 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.02% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 15.1 | | Percent rural (2003) | 14.1% | | Median age (years) | total: 33.65 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.79 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | European 69.8%, Maori 7.9%, Asian 5.7%, Pacific islander 4.4%, other 0.5%, mixed 7.8%, unspecified 3.8% (2001 census) |
Largest Cities in New Zealand
Cities and urban areas in New Zealand with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Auckland | New Zealand | 386300 | 1134600 |
| Christchurch | New Zealand | 317600 | 345100 |
| Wellington | New Zealand | 168100 | 348000 |
| Dunedin | New Zealand | 111400 | 111400 |
| Hamilton | New Zealand | 109800 | 174100 |
New Zealand: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 1.765 million (2002) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 2.599 million (2003) | | Roadways (km) | total: 92,382 km
paved: 59,124 km (including at least 169 km of expressways)
unpaved: 33,258 km (2002) |
New Zealand: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 78.66 years
male: 75.67 years
female: 81.78 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 5.85 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 0.1% (2003 est.) |
New Zealand
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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