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Pakistan
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
2.2% or about 1,687,000 ha of Pakistan is forested, according to FAO. Pakistan had 340,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Pakistan lost an average of 42,000 ha or 1.66% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Pakistan lost 33.2% of its forest cover, or around 840,000 ha.
Pakistan's forests contain 213 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Pakistan has some 1027 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 3.5% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 5.5% are threatened. Pakistan is home to at least 4950 species of vascular plants, of which 7.5% are endemic. 4.0% of Pakistan is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Pakistan
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Pakistan: Forest Cover, 2010
Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 77088 |
Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 1687 |
Percent Forest Cover | 2 |
Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 0 |
Primary Forest, % total forest | 0 |
Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 1455 |
Percent other wooded land | 2 |
Pakistan: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 0 | 0 |
Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 1347 | 80 |
Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 340 | 20 |
Pakistan: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
2527 | 2116 | 1902 | 1687 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -41 | -43 | -43 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -1.76 | -2.11 | -2.37 | |
Pakistan: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
2293 | 1820 | 1584 | 1347 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -47 | -47 | -47 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -2.1 | -2.06 | -2.6
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Pakistan: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | - | - | |
Pakistan: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
234 | 296 | 318 | 340 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 6 | 4 | 4 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 2.38 | 1.44 | 1.35 | |
Pakistan: Primary designated function (percent)
Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
32 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 |
Pakistan: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
66 | 34 | 0 |
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
- | - | - |
HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
- | - | - | - | - |
Pakistan: Growing stock in forest
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
160 | 95 | 138 | 22 | - |
GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
- | - | | | |
Pakistan: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS (million metric tons) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
330 | 271 | 243 | 213 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS (per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 126 |
ANNUAL CHANGE (1 000 t/yr) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| -6 | -6 | -6 |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE (t/ha/yr) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Pakistan: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
FOREST FIRE |
1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
- | 100 |
EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
- | - | - | - | - | - |
Pakistan: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
2434 | 2345 | 2301 | - |
WOODFUEL Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
24740 | 29315 | 31603 | - |
Pakistan: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals (million US$) | Value per ha forest (US$) |
Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
113 | 1381 | - | - | - |
Pakistan: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL (1000 full-time employees) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
33 | 30 | - |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY (1000 full-time employees) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
30 | 27 | - |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION (1000 full-time employees) |
1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
3 | 3 | - |
Pakistan: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (1955)
Sub-national forest policy: Yes
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (-) In implementation
National forest law (year): No national forest law (-)
Sub-national forest law: Yes
Pakistan: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
# | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
- | - | - | - | - | - |
Pakistan: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
(1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
- | - | - | - | - | - | -
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Pakistan: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Pakistan: Environment
Environment - current issues | water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation | Natural hazards | frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August) |
Pakistan: Land use / Resources
Land use (%) | arable land: 27.87% permanent crops: 0.87% other: 71.26% (2001) | Natural resources | land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone |
Pakistan: Economy
Economy - overview: | Pakistan, an impoverished and underdeveloped country, has suffered from decades of internal political disputes, low levels of foreign investment, and a costly, ongoing confrontation with neighboring India. However, IMF-approved government policies, bolstered by generous foreign assistance and renewed access to global markets since 2001, have generated solid macroeconomic recovery the last four years. The government has made substantial macroeconomic reforms since 2000, although progress on more politically sensitive reforms has slowed. For example, in the budget for fiscal year 2006, Islamabad did not impose taxes on the agriculture or real estate sectors, despite Pakistan's chronically low tax-to-GDP ratio. While long-term prospects remain uncertain, given Pakistan's low level of development, medium-term prospects for job creation and poverty reduction are the best in more than a decade. Islamabad has raised development spending from about 2% of GDP in the 1990s to 4% in 2003, a necessary step towards reversing the broad underdevelopment of its social sector. GDP growth, spurred by double-digit gains in industrial production over the past year, has become less dependent on agriculture, and remained above 7% in 2004 and 2005. Inflation remains the biggest threat to the economy, jumping to more than 9% in 2005. The World Bank and Asian Development Bank announced that they would provide US $1 billion each in aid to help Pakistan rebuild areas hit by the October 2005 earthquake in Kashmir. Foreign exchange reserves continued to reach new levels in 2005, supported by steady worker remittances. | GDP - per capita | $2,400 (2005 est.) | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 8.4% (2005 est.) | Agriculture - products | cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 21.6%, industry: 25.1%, services: 53.3% (2005 est.) | Industries | textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp | Economic aid - recipient | $2.4 billion (FY01/02) | Debt - external | $39.94 billion (2005 est.) | Population below poverty line (%) | 32% (FY00/01 est.) | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 42%, industry 20%, services 38% (2004 est.) |
Pakistan: Population / Demographics
Population (July 2005) | 162,419,946 | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 2.03% | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 208.6 | Percent rural (2003) | 65.9% | Median age (years) | total: 19.58 years | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 4.14 (2005 est.) | Ethnic groups (%) | Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India at the time of partition and their descendants) |
Largest Cities in Pakistan
Cities and urban areas in Pakistan with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
Karachi | Pakistan | 10272500 | 10272500 |
Lahore | Pakistan | 5611500 | 5611500 |
Faisalabad | Pakistan | 2191200 | 2191200 |
Rawalpindi | Pakistan | 1558400 | 2548900 |
Gujranwala | Pakistan | 1349300 | 1828600 |
Multan | Pakistan | 1310400 | 1310400 |
Hyderabad | Pakistan | 1275900 | 1363100 |
Peshawar | Pakistan | 1094900 | 1094900 |
Quetta | Pakistan | 620900 | 620900 |
Islamabad | Pakistan | 586500 | 586500 |
Sargodha | Pakistan | 504600 | 504600 |
Sialkot | Pakistan | 462800 | 462800 |
Bahawalpur | Pakistan | 447100 | 447100 |
Sukkur | Pakistan | 364800 | 364800 |
Jhang | Pakistan | 323800 | 323800 |
Shekhupura | Pakistan | 301300 | 301300 |
Larkana | Pakistan | 299600 | 299600 |
Okara | Pakistan | 286300 | 286300 |
Gujrat | Pakistan | 277200 | 277200 |
Mardan | Pakistan | 271000 | 271000 |
Kasur | Pakistan | 267800 | 267800 |
Rahim Yar Khan | Pakistan | 253200 | 253200 |
Sahiwal | Pakistan | 229800 | 229800 |
Wah | Pakistan | 219900 | 219900 |
Dera Ghazi Khan | Pakistan | 208500 | 208500 |
Mirpur Khas | Pakistan | 204400 | 204400 |
Nawabshah | Pakistan | 202900 | 202900 |
Mingaora | Pakistan | 193400 | 193400 |
Chiniot | Pakistan | 187600 | 187600 |
Kamoke | Pakistan | 167300 | 167300 |
Burewala | Pakistan | 166100 | 166100 |
Jhelum | Pakistan | 161600 | 161600 |
Sadiqabad | Pakistan | 156800 | 156800 |
Jacobabad | Pakistan | 152600 | 152600 |
Shikarpur | Pakistan | 147700 | 147700 |
Khanewal | Pakistan | 147400 | 147400 |
Hafizabad | Pakistan | 144300 | 144300 |
Kohat | Pakistan | 138800 | 138800 |
Muzaffargarh | Pakistan | 134800 | 134800 |
Khanpur | Pakistan | 130500 | 130500 |
Gojra | Pakistan | 127400 | 127400 |
Bahawalnagar | Pakistan | 121500 | 121500 |
Muridke | Pakistan | 120300 | 120300 |
Pakpattan | Pakistan | 119500 | 119500 |
Abottabad | Pakistan | 117500 | 117500 |
Tando adam | Pakistan | 114600 | 114600 |
Jaranwala | Pakistan | 114500 | 114500 |
Khairpur | Pakistan | 113200 | 113200 |
Chishtian Mandi | Pakistan | 112700 | 112700 |
Daska | Pakistan | 112500 | 112500 |
Dadu | Pakistan | 109200 | 109200 |
Mandi Bahauddin | Pakistan | 107900 | 107900 |
Ahmadpur East | Pakistan | 106400 | 106400 |
Kamalia | Pakistan | 105600 | 105600 |
Khuzdar | Pakistan | 103100 | 103100 |
Vihari | Pakistan | 102300 | 102300 |
Dera Ismail Khan | Pakistan | 100100 | 100100 |
Pakistan: Infrastructure
Telephones - main lines in use | 3,982,800 (2003) | Telephones - mobile cellular | 2,624,800 (2003) | Roadways (km) | total: 257,683 km paved: 152,033 km (including 339 km of expressways) unpaved: 105,650 km (2001) |
Pakistan: Health
Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 63 years male: 62.04 years female: 64.01 years (2005 est.) | Infant mortality rate | 72.44 deaths/1,000 live births | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 0.1% (2001 est.) | Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and cutaneous leishmaniasis are high risks depending on location animal contact disease: rabies (2004) |
Pakistan
: References & Data Sources
Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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