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Philippines
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
25.7% or about 7,665,000 ha of Philippines is forested, according to FAO. Of this 11.2% ( 861,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Philippines had 352,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Philippines lost an average of 54,750 ha or 0.83% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Philippines gained 16.7% of its forest cover, or around 1,095,000 ha.
Philippines's forests contain 663 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Philippines has some 1196 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 45.8% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 14.7% are threatened. Philippines is home to at least 8931 species of vascular plants, of which 39.2% are endemic. 5.1% of Philippines is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
2011 Update
In May 2011, Sassan Saatchi of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Lab and colleagues published a paper in PNAS with new carbon stock estimates for global tropical forests.
| Forest definition (canopy cover %) | 10% tree cover | 25% tree cover | 30% tree cover | | Forest Area (M ha) | 21 | 13 | 11 | | Aboveground forest carbon (Mt C) | 1,810 | 1,176 | 1,068 | | Belowground forest carbon (Mt C) | 502 | 324 | 293 | | Total forest carbon (Mt C) | 2,312 | 1,500 | 1,361 | | Average Carbon Density (t C/ha) | 111 | 118 | 120 |
M=million, t=metric tons; all figures are mean carbon stock values
Philippines Environmental profile
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Philippines
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Philippines: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 29817 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 7665 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 26 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 861 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 11 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 10128 |
| Percent other wooded land | 34 |
Philippines: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 861 | 11 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 6452 | 84 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 352 | 5 |
Philippines: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 6570 | 7117 | 7391 | 7665 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 55 | 55 | 55 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.73 | |
Philippines: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 6268.00 | 6790.00 | 7051.00 | 7313.00 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 52 | 52.00 | 52.00 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.8 | 0.83 | 0.77
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Philippines: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 861 | 861 | 861 | 861 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Philippines: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 302 | 327 | 340 | 352 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 3 | 3 | 2 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.70 | |
Philippines: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 76 | 8 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Philippines: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 85 | 15 | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| - | - | - |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 32 | n.s. | 20 | 47 | 0 |
Philippines: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 1278 | 167 | 42 | 1237 | - |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| 223 | 22 | | | |
Philippines: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 641 | 655 | 660 | 663 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 87 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| -0.6 | -0.6 | -0.6 |
Philippines: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| 2 | 100 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| n.s. | n.s. | 0 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Philippines: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 2568 | 628 | 791 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 123 | 116 | 349 | 100 |
Philippines: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| 119 | 2 | 2 | 123 | n.s. |
Philippines: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 18 | 19 | 24 |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 18 | 18 | 23 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
Philippines: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (1995)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2003) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (1975)
Sub-national forest law: No
Philippines: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| 7393 | 27 | 7759 | 28 | 7627 | 28 |
Philippines: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 2476 | 35988 | - | - | - | 35988 | -
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Philippines: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Philippines: Environment
| Environment - current issues | uncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that are important fish breeding grounds | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants | | Natural hazards | astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis |
Philippines: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 18.95%
permanent crops: 16.77%
other: 64.28% (2001) | | Natural resources | timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper |
Philippines: Economy
| Economy - overview: | The Philippines was less severely affected by the Asian financial crisis of 1998 than its neighbors, aided in part by its high level of annual remittances from overseas workers, and no sustained runup in asset prices or foreign borrowing prior to the crisis. From a 0.6% decline in 1998, GDP expanded by 2.4% in 1999, and 4.4% in 2000, but slowed to 3.2% in 2001 in the context of a global economic slowdown, an export slump, and political and security concerns. GDP growth accelerated to about 5% between 2002 and 2005 reflecting the continued resilience of the service sector, and improved exports and agricultural output. Nonetheless, it will take a higher, sustained growth path to make appreciable progress in the alleviation of poverty given the Philippines' high annual population growth rate and unequal distribution of income. The Philippines also faces higher oil prices, higher interest rates on its dollar borrowings, and higher inflation. Fiscal constraints limit Manila's ability to finance infrastructure and social spending. The Philippines' consistently large budget deficit has produced a high debt level. This has forced Manila to spend a large portion of the national government budget on debt service. Large unprofitable public enterprises, especially in the energy sector, contribute to the government's debt because of slow progress on privatization. Credit rating agencies have expressed concern about the Philippines' ability to service the debt. Legislative progress on new revenue measures will weigh heavily on credit rating decisions. | | GDP - per capita | $5,100 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 4.7% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | sugarcane, coconuts, rice, corn, bananas, casavas, pineapples, fish, mangoes, pork, eggs, beef | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 14.8%, industry: 31.7%, services: 53.5% (2005 est.) | | Industries | electronics assembly, garments, footwear, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining, fishing | | Economic aid - recipient | ODA commitments, $2 billion (2004) | | Debt - external | $67.62 billion (2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 40% (2001 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 36%, industry 16%, services 48% (2004 est.) |
Philippines: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 87,857,473 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.84% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 294.7 | | Percent rural (2003) | 39.0% | | Median age (years) | total: 22.27 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 3.16 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census) |
Largest Cities in Philippines
Cities and urban areas in Philippines with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Manila | Philippines | 10133200 | 13503200 |
| Davao | Philippines | 873800 | 1170100 |
| Cebu | Philippines | 747300 | 1198000 |
| Bacolod | Philippines | 440700 | 755400 |
| Cagayan | Philippines | 425800 | 425800 |
| Iloilo | Philippines | 378200 | 378200 |
| Angeles | Philippines | 278000 | 278000 |
| Baguio | Philippines | 262600 | 262600 |
| San Pedro | Philippines | 239700 | 239700 |
| San Fernando | Philippines | 236600 | 236600 |
| Lucena | Philippines | 225000 | 225000 |
| General Santos | Philippines | 202500 | 202500 |
| Olongapo | Philippines | 202200 | 202200 |
| Calamba | Philippines | 192700 | 192700 |
| Tacloban | Philippines | 184200 | 184200 |
| Malolos | Philippines | 180700 | 180700 |
| Cotabato | Philippines | 170900 | 170900 |
| Zamboanga | Philippines | 152500 | 152500 |
| Toledo | Philippines | 145100 | 145100 |
| Calbayog | Philippines | 142200 | 142200 |
| Naga | Philippines | 141300 | 141300 |
| Marawi | Philippines | 137700 | 137700 |
| Dagupan | Philippines | 133300 | 133300 |
| Roxas | Philippines | 131100 | 131100 |
| San Pablo | Philippines | 128700 | 128700 |
| Los Ba�os | Philippines | 128500 | 128500 |
| Baliuag | Philippines | 126300 | 126300 |
| Cabanatuan | Philippines | 125400 | 125400 |
| Butuan | Philippines | 120300 | 120300 |
| Guagua | Philippines | 116900 | 116900 |
| Santiago | Philippines | 113700 | 113700 |
| Dumaguete | Philippines | 110600 | 110600 |
| Santa Cruz | Philippines | 110100 | 110100 |
| Tagum | Philippines | 107100 | 107100 |
Philippines: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 3,310,900 (2002) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 15.201 million (2002) | | Roadways (km) | total: 202,124 km
paved: 19,202 km
unpaved: 182,922 km (2002) |
Philippines: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 69.91 years
male: 67.03 years
female: 72.92 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 23.51 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | less than 0.1% (2003 est.) | | Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations
animal contact disease: rabies (2004) |
Philippines
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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