|
Russia
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
49.4% or about 809,090,000 ha of Russia is forested, according to FAO. Of this 31.7% ( 256,482,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Russia had 16,991,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Russia lost an average of 7,000 ha or 0.00% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Russia gained 0.0% of its forest cover, or around 140,000 ha.
Russia's forests contain 32,500 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Russian Federation is home to at least 11400 species of vascular plants. 5.4% of Russian Federation is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Russia
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
|
|
[an error occurred while processing this directive]
Russia: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 square kilometers) | 81523 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 32504 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 32157 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | No |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | Yes |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 32210 |
| Percent other wooded land | 32500 |
Russia: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | No | Yes |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 2003 | In implementation |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 2006 | No |
Russia: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | | 991 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 100 | 1132 | 1351 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 1668 | - | 4152 | |
Russia: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| - | - | - | 988758 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | Yes | Yes | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| | Yes | Yes | |
Russia: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| - | - | - | - | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | 3000 | - | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| | - | - | |
Russia: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| - | - | - | - | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | - | 1016268 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | | - | |
Russia: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 8234 | n.s. | | - | - | 448 | 900 |
Russia: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 268396 | 104546 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| 134870 | 100 | 68131 |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 47770 | 50905 | 100 | | 2861 |
[an error occurred while processing this directive]
Russia: Environment
| Environment - current issues | air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and seacoasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of sometimes intense radioactive contamination; groundwater contamination from toxic waste; urban solid waste management; abandoned stocks of obsolete pesticides | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 | | Natural hazards | permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia |
Russia: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 7.33%
permanent crops: 0.11%
other: 92.56% (2001) | | Natural resources | wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber |
Russia: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Russia ended 2005 with its seventh straight year of growth, averaging 6.4% annually since the financial crisis of 1998. Although high oil prices and a relatively cheap ruble are important drivers of this economic rebound, since 2000 investment and consumer-driven demand have played a noticeably increasing role. Real fixed capital investments have averaged gains greater than 10% over the last five years, and real personal incomes have realized average increases over 12%. Russia has also improved its international financial position since the 1998 financial crisis, with its foreign debt declining from 90% of GDP to around 36%. Strong oil export earnings have allowed Russia to increase its foreign reserves from only $12 billion to some $180 billion at yearend 2005. These achievements, along with a renewed government effort to advance structural reforms, have raised business and investor confidence in Russia's economic prospects. Nevertheless, serious problems persist. Economic growth slowed to 5.9% for 2005 while unemployment and inflation remain high. Oil, natural gas, metals, and timber account for more than 80% of exports, leaving the country vulnerable to swings in world prices. Russia's manufacturing base is dilapidated and must be replaced or modernized if the country is to achieve broad-based economic growth. Other problems include a weak banking system, a poor business climate that discourages both domestic and foreign investors, corruption, and widespread lack of trust in institutions. In addition, a string of investigations launched against a major Russian oil company, culminating with the arrest of its CEO in the fall of 2003, have raised concerns by some observers that President PUTIN is granting more influence to forces within his government that desire to reassert state control over the economy. | | GDP - per capita | $10,700 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 5.9% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 5%, industry: 35%, services: 60% (2005 est.) | | Industries | complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries including radar, missile production, and advanced electronic components, shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts | | Economic aid - recipient | in FY01 from US, $979 million (including $750 million in non-proliferation subsidies); in 2001 from EU, $200 million (2000 est.) | | Debt - external | $230.3 billion (30 June 2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 17.8% (2004 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 10.3%, industry 21.4%, services 68.3% (2004 est.) |
Russia: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 143,420,309 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | -0.37% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 8.4 | | Median age (years) | total: 38.15 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.27 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified 12.1% (2002 census) |
Largest Cities in Russia
Cities and urban areas in Russia with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Moscow | Russia | 8376000 | 12100100 |
| Sankt Peterburg | Russia | 4619800 | 4891100 |
| Novosibirsk | Russia | 1396800 | 1429100 |
| Nizhniy Novgorod | Russia | 1346400 | 1918800 |
| Yekaterinburg | Russia | 1260000 | 1389400 |
| Samara | Russia | 1150000 | 1478300 |
| Omsk | Russia | 1137900 | 1148300 |
| Kazan | Russia | 1109500 | 1109500 |
| Ufa | Russia | 1094900 | 1094900 |
| Chelyabinsk | Russia | 1081200 | 1211600 |
| Rostov | Russia | 1012500 | 1248600 |
| Perm | Russia | 1002500 | 1028400 |
| Volgograd | Russia | 987400 | 1292200 |
| Voronezh | Russia | 905600 | 979300 |
| Krasnoyarsk | Russia | 870100 | 910400 |
| Saratov | Russia | 867900 | 1122200 |
| Tolyatti | Russia | 727600 | 740100 |
| Ulyanovsk | Russia | 664800 | 683000 |
| Izhevsk | Russia | 652400 | 652400 |
| Krasnodar | Russia | 643000 | 751400 |
| Yaroslavl | Russia | 611300 | 611300 |
| Khabarovsk | Russia | 606100 | 606100 |
| Vladivostok | Russia | 596800 | 619700 |
| Irkutsk | Russia | 594200 | 594200 |
| Barnaul | Russia | 575600 | 627500 |
| Novokuznetsk | Russia | 556800 | 568400 |
| Lipetsk | Russia | 530400 | 568700 |
| Penza | Russia | 530400 | 545300 |
| Ryazan | Russia | 526000 | 530400 |
| Orenburg | Russia | 522200 | 538000 |
| Naberezhnyye Chelny | Russia | 513200 | 513200 |
| Tyumen | Russia | 507000 | 507000 |
| Tula | Russia | 497500 | 543300 |
| Kemerovo | Russia | 489300 | 526000 |
| Astrakhan | Russia | 488400 | 488400 |
| Tomsk | Russia | 483800 | 640300 |
| Kirov | Russia | 464100 | 501200 |
| Cheboksary | Russia | 460200 | 462000 |
| Bryansk | Russia | 455700 | 477600 |
| Ivanovo | Russia | 453800 | 453800 |
| Tver | Russia | 453800 | 453800 |
| Kursk | Russia | 443200 | 443200 |
| Magnitogorsk | Russia | 427800 | 427800 |
| Kaliningrad | Russia | 425200 | 425200 |
| Nizhniy Tagil | Russia | 385400 | 385400 |
| Ulan-Ude | Russia | 370800 | 370800 |
| Sochi | Russia | 366100 | 366100 |
| Kurgan | Russia | 364400 | 364400 |
| Murmansk | Russia | 361000 | 361000 |
| Arhangelsk | Russia | 355500 | 355500 |
| Smolensk | Russia | 351900 | 351900 |
| Belgorod | Russia | 348200 | 348200 |
| Stavropol | Russia | 346800 | 346800 |
| Oryol | Russia | 343700 | 343700 |
| Kaluga | Russia | 336800 | 336800 |
| Mahackala | Russia | 336500 | 336500 |
| Vladimir | Russia | 336100 | 336100 |
| Cherepovec | Russia | 324800 | 324800 |
| Vladikavkaz | Russia | 313100 | 313100 |
| Saransk | Russia | 311800 | 311800 |
| Tambov | Russia | 309200 | 309200 |
| Chita | Russia | 306400 | 306400 |
| Vologda | Russia | 303500 | 303500 |
| Kostroma | Russia | 288900 | 288900 |
| Komsomolsk-na-Amure | Russia | 286600 | 286600 |
| Volzhskiy | Russia | 286300 | 286300 |
| Taganrog | Russia | 282700 | 282700 |
| Petrozavodsk | Russia | 281500 | 281500 |
| Bratsk | Russia | 280800 | 280800 |
| Surgut | Russia | 275300 | 275300 |
| Dzerzhinsk | Russia | 273700 | 273700 |
| Orsk | Russia | 273400 | 273400 |
| Sterlitamak | Russia | 267000 | 267000 |
| Angarsk | Russia | 263400 | 263400 |
| Yoshkar-Ola | Russia | 248600 | 248600 |
| Rybinsk | Russia | 236100 | 236100 |
| Nalchik | Russia | 233900 | 233900 |
| Prokopyevsk | Russia | 233500 | 233500 |
| Nizhnevartovsk | Russia | 230300 | 230300 |
| Velikiy Novgorod | Russia | 227900 | 227900 |
| Syktyvkar | Russia | 227800 | 227800 |
| Nizhnekamsk | Russia | 226100 | 226100 |
| Biysk | Russia | 223800 | 223800 |
| Blagoveshchensk | Russia | 223700 | 223700 |
| Severodvinsk | Russia | 223500 | 223500 |
| Shahty | Russia | 220200 | 220200 |
| Staryy Oskol | Russia | 218500 | 218500 |
| Zelyenograd | Russia | 211100 | 211100 |
| Novorossiysk | Russia | 205700 | 205700 |
| Balakovo | Russia | 205100 | 205100 |
| Pskov | Russia | 198700 | 198700 |
| Zlatoust | Russia | 195300 | 195300 |
| Yakutsk | Russia | 192500 | 192500 |
| Podolsk | Russia | 192300 | 192300 |
| Engels | Russia | 189200 | 189200 |
| Syzran | Russia | 188900 | 188900 |
| Kamensk-Uralskiy | Russia | 188800 | 188800 |
| Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy | Russia | 188800 | 188800 |
| Novocherkassk | Russia | 183300 | 183300 |
| Berezniki | Russia | 180800 | 180800 |
| Yuzhno-Sahalinsk | Russia | 179500 | 179500 |
| Volgodonsk | Russia | 176700 | 176700 |
| Abakan | Russia | 171100 | 171100 |
| Maykop | Russia | 167900 | 167900 |
| Armavir | Russia | 166700 | 166700 |
| Miass | Russia | 165900 | 165900 |
| Lyubercy | Russia | 163200 | 163200 |
| Rubtsovsk | Russia | 160400 | 160400 |
| Kovrov | Russia | 158700 | 158700 |
| Salavat | Russia | 156900 | 156900 |
| Mytishchi | Russia | 155900 | 155900 |
| Nahodka | Russia | 155500 | 155500 |
| Ussuriysk | Russia | 155500 | 155500 |
| Kolomna | Russia | 149500 | 149500 |
| Elektrostal | Russia | 145900 | 145900 |
| Kolpino | Russia | 143600 | 143600 |
| Almetyevsk | Russia | 140900 | 140900 |
| Murom | Russia | 140800 | 140800 |
| Dimitrovgrad | Russia | 137500 | 137500 |
| Novomoskovsk | Russia | 136000 | 136000 |
| Pervouralsk | Russia | 135700 | 135700 |
| Norilsk | Russia | 134800 | 134800 |
| Pyatigorsk | Russia | 134400 | 134400 |
| Nevinnomyssk | Russia | 134200 | 134200 |
| Himki | Russia | 132900 | 132900 |
| Balashiha | Russia | 132200 | 132200 |
| Korolyov | Russia | 131500 | 131500 |
| Serpuhov | Russia | 130200 | 130200 |
| Odincovo | Russia | 126500 | 126500 |
| Orehovo-Zuyevo | Russia | 124300 | 124300 |
| Groznyy | Russia | 123300 | 123300 |
| Kamyshin | Russia | 123300 | 123300 |
| Kislovodsk | Russia | 123200 | 123200 |
| Novocheboksarsk | Russia | 123000 | 123000 |
| Cherkessk | Russia | 122600 | 122600 |
| Achinsk | Russia | 120600 | 120600 |
| Nazran | Russia | 120300 | 120300 |
| Yelets | Russia | 119800 | 119800 |
| Michurinsk | Russia | 117900 | 117900 |
| Velikiye Luki | Russia | 115500 | 115500 |
| Neftekamsk | Russia | 115300 | 115300 |
| Magadan | Russia | 115000 | 115000 |
| Oktyabrskiy | Russia | 112100 | 112100 |
| Leninsk-Kuzneckiy | Russia | 112000 | 112000 |
| Sergiyev Posad | Russia | 110200 | 110200 |
| Arzamas | Russia | 109900 | 109900 |
| Novotroitsk | Russia | 109600 | 109600 |
| Kiselyovsk | Russia | 108400 | 108400 |
| Obninsk | Russia | 108100 | 108100 |
| Glazov | Russia | 106100 | 106100 |
| Kansk | Russia | 106000 | 106000 |
| Solikamsk | Russia | 105400 | 105400 |
| Elista | Russia | 105000 | 105000 |
| Sarapul | Russia | 104900 | 104900 |
| Mezhdurechensk | Russia | 104100 | 104100 |
| Ust-Ilimsk | Russia | 103500 | 103500 |
| Kyzyl | Russia | 103300 | 103300 |
| Usolye-Sibirskoye | Russia | 102600 | 102600 |
| Votkinsk | Russia | 101100 | 101100 |
| Novoshahtinsk | Russia | 100900 | 100900 |
Russia: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 35.5 million (2002) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 17,608,800 (2002) | | Roadways (km) | total: 537,289 km
paved: 362,133 km
unpaved: 175,156 km (2001) |
Russia: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 67.1 years
male: 60.55 years
female: 74.04 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 15.39 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 1.1% (2001 est.) |
Russia
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
|
|
|
|
