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Sweden
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
68.7% or about 28,203,000 ha of Sweden is forested, according to FAO. Of this 9.3% ( 2,609,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Sweden had 3,613,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Sweden lost an average of 46,100 ha or 0.17% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Sweden gained 3.4% of its forest cover, or around 922,000 ha.
Sweden's forests contain 1,255 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Sweden has some 562 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.5% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 2.5% are threatened. Sweden is home to at least 1750 species of vascular plants, of which 0.1% are endemic. 9.8% of Sweden is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Sweden
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Sweden: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 41033 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 28203 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 69 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 2609 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 9 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 3044 |
| Percent other wooded land | 7 |
Sweden: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 2609 | 9 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 21981 | 78 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 3613 | 13 |
Sweden: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 27281 | 27389 | 28203 | 28203 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 11 | 163 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.04 | 0.59 | 0 | |
Sweden: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 24953.0 | 23832.0 | 24590.0 | 24590.0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -112 | -112.0 | 76.0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -0.4 | -0.5 | 0.3
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Sweden: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 2609 | 2609 | 2609 | 2609 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Sweden: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 2328 | 3557 | 3613 | 3613 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 123 | 11 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 4.33 | 0.31 | 0.0 | |
Sweden: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 74 | n.s. | 10 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
Sweden: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 24 | 76 | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| 63 | 29 | 8 |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sweden: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 3358 | 119 | 2740 | 618 | 100 |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| 11 | 4 | | | |
Sweden: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 1178 | 1183 | 1219 | 1255 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 45 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | 7 | 7 |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Sweden: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| 2 | 100 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| 42 | 314 | 1777 | 1233 | 3366 | 12 |
Sweden: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 56476 | 64729 | 75539 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 3602 | 6726 | 10826 | 100 |
Sweden: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| 2933 | 273 | 120 | 3326 | n.s. |
Sweden: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 34 | 17 | 20 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
Sweden: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (1993)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2002) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (1979)
Sub-national forest law: No
Sweden: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| 1000 | - | 1329 | 25 | 1006 | 32 |
Sweden: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 3582354 | 73977 | 140186 | 6396 | 0 | 80374 | 140186
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Sweden: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Sweden: Environment
| Environment - current issues | acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic |
Sweden: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 6.54%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 93.45% (2001) | | Natural resources | iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower |
Sweden: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole 20th century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and of jobs. The government's commitment to fiscal discipline resulted in a substantial budgetary surplus in 2001, which was cut by more than half in 2002, due to the global economic slowdown, declining revenue, and increased spending. The Swedish central bank (the Riksbank) focuses on price stability with its inflation target of 2%. Growth remained sluggish in 2003, but picked up in 2004 and 2005. Presumably because of generous sicktime benefits, Swedish workers report in sick more often than other Europeans. On 14 September 2003, Swedish voters turned down entry into the euro system, concerned about the impact on democracy and sovereignty. | | GDP - per capita | $29,600 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 2.4% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | barley, wheat, sugar beets; meat, milk | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 1.8%, industry: 28.6%, services: 69.7% (2005 est.) | | Industries | iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles | | Population below poverty line (%) | NA | | Debt - external | $516.1 billion (30 June 2005) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.) |
Sweden: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 9,001,774 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 0.17% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 21.9 | | Percent rural (2003) | 16.6% | | Median age (years) | total: 40.6 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.66 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks |
Largest Cities in Sweden
Cities and urban areas in Sweden with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Stockholm | Sweden | 1239100 | 1621700 |
| Goteborg | Sweden | 503700 | 744400 |
| Malmo | Sweden | 244000 | 1340000 |
| Uppsala | Sweden | 126400 | 126400 |
| Vasteras | Sweden | 100300 | 100300 |
Sweden: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 6,579,200 (2002) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 7.949 million (2002) | | Roadways (km) | total: 213,237 km
paved: 167,604 km (including 1,542 km of expressways)
unpaved: 45,633 km (2002) |
Sweden: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 80.4 years
male: 78.19 years
female: 82.74 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 2.77 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 0.1% (2001 est.) |
Sweden
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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