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Syria: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 square kilometers) | - |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | - |
| Percent Forest Cover | - |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | No |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | Yes |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | - |
| Percent other wooded land | - |
Syria: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | No | Yes |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 1953 | In implementation |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 1953 | No |
Syria: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| - | - | | n.s. | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 100 | - | - | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 1 | - | - | |
Syria: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 0 | 233 | 0 | 34460 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | Yes | Yes | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| | Yes | Yes | |
Syria: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| - | 2787 | - | 3057 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | - | - | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| | - | - | |
Syria: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| - | - | - | - | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | 54 | 752 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 44 | | 34226 | |
Syria: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| - | - | | - | 2 | 2 | - |
Syria: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| - | - |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| - | - | - |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| - | - | - | | - |
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Syria: Environment
| Environment - current issues | deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from raw sewage and petroleum refining wastes; inadequate potable water | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification | | Natural hazards | dust storms, sandstorms |
Syria: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 25.22%
permanent crops: 4.43%
other: 70.35% (2001) | | Natural resources | petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower |
Syria: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Real GDP growth slowed to 1.4 percent in 2005, a slight decrease from an average annual growth of 2.3 percent for the last eight years. The assassination in February of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq al-HARIRI diverted attention from economic policymaking and raised the spectre of international sanctions. Oil output and exports declined. Buoyant world oil prices, however, narrowed the budget deficit and widened the current account surplus. The Government of Syria has implemented modest economic reforms in the last few years, including cutting interest rates, opening private banks, consolidating some of the multiple exchange rates, and raising prices on some subsidized foodstuffs. Nevertheless, the economy remains highly controlled by the government. Long run economic constraints include declining oil production and exports and pressure on water supplies caused by rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and increased water pollution. | | GDP - per capita | $3,500 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 1.4% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 25%, industry: 31%, services: 44% (2003 est.) | | Industries | petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining | | Economic aid - recipient | $180 million (2002 est.) | | Debt - external | $8.59 billion (excludes military debt and debt to Russia) (2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 20% (2004 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 30%, industry 27%, services 43% (2002 est.) |
Syria: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 18,448,752 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 2.34% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 100.2 | | Median age (years) | total: 20.37 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 3.5 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7% |
Largest Cities in Syria
Cities and urban areas in Syria with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Aleppo (Halab) | Syria | 1891900 | 2404500 |
| Damascus | Syria | 1803700 | 2306000 |
| Homs | Syria | 724700 | 724700 |
| Ladhiqiyah | Syria | 404000 | 404000 |
| Hamah | Syria | 365300 | 365300 |
| Dayr az-Zawr | Syria | 216200 | 216200 |
| Rakkah | Syria | 214800 | 214800 |
| Hasakah | Syria | 194400 | 194400 |
| Qamishly | Syria | 177000 | 177000 |
| Tartus | Syria | 148600 | 148600 |
Syria: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 2,099,300 (2002) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 400,000 (2002) | | Roadways (km) | total: 45,697 km
paved: 6,489 km (including 1,001 km of expressways)
unpaved: 39,208 km (2002) |
Syria: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 70.03 years
male: 68.75 years
female: 71.38 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 29.53 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | less than 0.1% (2001 est.) |
Syria
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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