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Tanzania
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
37.7% or about 33,428,000 ha of Tanzania is forested, according to FAO. Tanzania had 240,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Tanzania lost an average of 403,350 ha or 0.97% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Tanzania lost 19.4% of its forest cover, or around 8,067,000 ha.
Tanzania's forests contain 2,019 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Tanzania has some 1898 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 9.0% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 6.1% are threatened. Tanzania is home to at least 10008 species of vascular plants, of which 11.2% are endemic. 14.6% of Tanzania is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
2011 Update
In May 2011, Sassan Saatchi of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Lab and colleagues published a paper in PNAS with new carbon stock estimates for global tropical forests.
| Forest definition (canopy cover %) | 10% tree cover | 25% tree cover | 30% tree cover | | Forest Area (M ha) | 34 | 17 | 11 | | Aboveground forest carbon (Mt C) | 1,073 | 585 | 418 | | Belowground forest carbon (Mt C) | 332 | 179 | 127 | | Total forest carbon (Mt C) | 1,406 | 764 | 545 | | Average Carbon Density (t C/ha) | 42 | 45 | 48 |
M=million, t=metric tons; all figures are mean carbon stock values
Tanzania Environmental profile
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Tanzania
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Tanzania: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 88580 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 33428 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 38 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 0 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 0 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 11619 |
| Percent other wooded land | 13 |
Tanzania: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 0 | 0 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 33188 | 99 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 240 | 1 |
Tanzania: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 41495 | 37462 | 35445 | 33428 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -403 | -403 | -403 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -1.02 | -1.10 | -1.16 | |
Tanzania: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 41345 | 37262 | 35215 | 33188 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -408 | -408 | -407 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -1.0 | -0.99 | -1.09
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Tanzania: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | - | - | |
Tanzania: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 150 | 200 | 230 | 240 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 5 | 6 | 2 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 2.92 | 2.83 | 0.85 | |
Tanzania: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 71 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 |
Tanzania: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 100 | n.s. | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| - | - | - |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 |
Tanzania: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 1237 | 37 | - | - | - |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| 116 | 10 | | | |
Tanzania: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 2505 | 2262 | 2139 | 2019 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 60 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| -24 | -25 | -24 |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Tanzania: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| 15 | 100 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
Tanzania: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 2294 | 2653 | 2661 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 21552 | 23984 | 24970 | 100 |
Tanzania: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| 12 | 217 | 9 | 237 | n.s. |
Tanzania: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 4 | 4 | 3 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
Tanzania: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (1998)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (-) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (2002)
Sub-national forest law: No
Tanzania: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| 1653 | 5 | 1653 | 10 | 1653 | 15 |
Tanzania: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 11637 | 6489 | 11515 | 26574 | 32774 | 33063 | 44290
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Tanzania: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Tanzania: Environment
| Environment - current issues | soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought |
Tanzania: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 4.52%
permanent crops: 1.08%
other: 94.4% (2001) | | Natural resources | hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel |
Tanzania: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy depends heavily on agriculture, which accounts for almost half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry traditionally featured the processing of agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's out-of-date economic infrastructure and to alleviate poverty. Long-term growth through 2005 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment. Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported real GDP growth of more than 6% in 2005. | | GDP - per capita | $700 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 6.1% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 43.2%, industry: 17.2%, services: 39.6% (2004 est.) | | Industries | agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond, gold and iron mining, soda ash, oil refining, shoes, cement, apparel, wood products, fertilizer, salt | | Economic aid - recipient | $1.2 billion (2001) | | Debt - external | $7.95 billion (2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 36% (2002 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2002 est.) |
Tanzania: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 36,766,356 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.83% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 41.5 | | Median age (years) | total: 17.62 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 5.06 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African |
Largest Cities in Tanzania
Cities and urban areas in Tanzania with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Dar es Salaam | Tanzania | 2456100 | 2456100 |
| Mwanza | Tanzania | 303800 | 303800 |
| Zanzibar | Tanzania | 256100 | 256100 |
| Morogoro | Tanzania | 247900 | 247900 |
| Mbeya | Tanzania | 211200 | 211200 |
| Tanga | Tanzania | 208900 | 208900 |
| Moshi | Tanzania | 198000 | 198000 |
| Dodoma | Tanzania | 167100 | 167100 |
| Arusha | Tanzania | 165600 | 165600 |
| Tabora | Tanzania | 145800 | 145800 |
| Iringa | Tanzania | 143100 | 143100 |
| Geita | Tanzania | 139600 | 139600 |
| Musoma | Tanzania | 139000 | 139000 |
| Mtwara | Tanzania | 136900 | 136900 |
| Songea | Tanzania | 131700 | 131700 |
| Kigoma | Tanzania | 125000 | 125000 |
| Shinyanga | Tanzania | 108300 | 108300 |
| Korogwe | Tanzania | 107900 | 107900 |
Tanzania: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 149,100 (2003) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 891,200 (2003) | | Roadways (km) | total: 88,200 km
paved: 3,704 km
unpaved: 84,496 km (1999 est.) |
Tanzania: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 45.24 years
male: 44.56 years
female: 45.94 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 98.54 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 8.8% (2003 est.) | | Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria, Rift Valley fever and plague are high risks in some locations
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004) |
Tanzania
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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