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Tunisia
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
6.5% or about 1,006,000 ha of Tunisia is forested, according to FAO. Tunisia had 690,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Tunisia lost an average of 18,150 ha or 2.82% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Tunisia gained 56.5% of its forest cover, or around 363,000 ha.
Tunisia's forests contain 9 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Tunisia has some 516 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.6% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 4.3% are threatened. Tunisia is home to at least 2196 species of vascular plants. 0.2% of Tunisia is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Tunisia
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Tunisia: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 15536 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 1006 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 6 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 0 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 0 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 300 |
| Percent other wooded land | 2 |
Tunisia: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 0 | 0 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 316 | 31 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 690 | 69 |
Tunisia: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 643 | 837 | 924 | 1006 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 19 | 17 | 16 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 2.67 | 2.0 | 1.72 | |
Tunisia: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 350 | 318 | 318 | 316 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -3 | -3 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -0.9 | -0.91 | -0.06
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Tunisia: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| - | - | - | |
Tunisia: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 293 | 519 | 606 | 690 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 23 | 17 | 17 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 5.88 | 3.15 | 2.63 | |
Tunisia: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 24 | 41 | 4 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 |
Tunisia: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 94 | 6 | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| 100 | - | - |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tunisia: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 26 | 26 | 12 | 14 | 2 |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| 1 | 4 | | | |
Tunisia: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 6 | 8 | 8 | 9 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 9 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Tunisia: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| n.s. | 100 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | n.s. | 10 | 1 |
Tunisia: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 93 | 111 | 242 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 116 | 125 | 57 | 100 |
Tunisia: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| 5 | n.s. | 6 | 11 | n.s. |
Tunisia: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 32 | 42 | 38 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | - | - |
Tunisia: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): Yes (1988)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (1988) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (1966)
Sub-national forest law: No
Tunisia: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| 509 | 1 | 456 | 1 | 415 | 1 |
Tunisia: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 11260 | 26976 | 0 | 5395 | 0 | 32371 | 0
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Tunisia: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Tunisia: Environment
| Environment - current issues | toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and poses health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation | | Natural hazards | NA |
Tunisia: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 17.86%
permanent crops: 13.74%
other: 68.4% (2001) | | Natural resources | petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt |
Tunisia: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Governmental control of economic affairs while still heavy has gradually lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt. Progressive social policies also have helped raise living conditions in Tunisia relative to the region. Real growth slowed to a 15-year low of 1.9% in 2002 because of agricultural drought and lackluster tourism. Better rains in 2003 through 2005, however, helped push GDP growth above 5% for these years. Tourism also recovered after the end of combat operations in Iraq. Tunisia is gradually removing barriers to trade with the European Union. Broader privatization, further liberalization of the investment code to increase foreign investment, improvements in government efficiency, and reduction of the trade deficit are among the challenges ahead. | | GDP - per capita | $7,600 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 4.9% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | olives, olive oil, grain, dairy products, tomatoes, citrus fruit, beef, sugar beets, dates, almonds | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 13.8%, industry: 30.7%, services: 55.6% (2005 est.) | | Industries | petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages | | Economic aid - recipient | $114.6 million (2002) | | Debt - external | $18.91 billion (30 June 2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 7.6% (2001 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.) |
Tunisia: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 10,074,951 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 0.99% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 64.8 | | Percent rural (2003) | 36.3% | | Median age (years) | total: 27.29 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.75 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1% |
Largest Cities in Tunisia
Cities and urban areas in Tunisia with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Tunis | Tunisia | 696700 | 1642900 |
| Sfax | Tunisia | 266300 | 266300 |
| Susah | Tunisia | 152500 | 152500 |
| Kairouan | Tunisia | 116200 | 116200 |
| Bizerte | Tunisia | 111900 | 111900 |
| Gabes | Tunisia | 109000 | 109000 |
Tunisia: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 1,163,800 (2003) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 1,899,900 (2003) | | Roadways (km) | total: 18,997 km
paved: 12,424 km (including 142 km of expressways)
unpaved: 6,573 km (2001) |
Tunisia: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 74.89 years
male: 73.2 years
female: 76.71 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 24.77 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | less than 0.1% (2005 est.) | | Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases: may be a significant risk in some locations during the transmission season (typically April through November) (2004) |
Tunisia
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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