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Ukraine
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
16.8% or about 9,705,000 ha of Ukraine is forested, according to FAO. Of this 0.6% ( 59,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Ukraine had 4,846,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Ukraine lost an average of 21,550 ha or 0.23% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Ukraine gained 4.6% of its forest cover, or around 431,000 ha.
Ukraine's forests contain 761 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Ukraine has some 490 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.8% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 5.9% are threatened. Ukraine is home to at least 5100 species of vascular plants. 3.3% of Ukraine is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Ukraine
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Ukraine: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 57938 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 9705 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 17 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 59 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 1 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 41 |
| Percent other wooded land | n.s. |
Ukraine: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 59 | 1 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 4800 | 49 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 4846 | 50 |
Ukraine: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 9274 | 9510 | 9575 | 9705 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 24 | 13 | 26 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.25 | 0.14 | 0.27 | |
Ukraine: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 4637 | 4755 | 4788 | 4859 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 12 | 12 | 10 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.22
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Ukraine: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Ukraine: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 4637 | 4755 | 4787 | 4846 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 12 | 6 | 12 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.25 | |
Ukraine: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 46 | 31 | 4 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ukraine: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 100 | n.s. | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| 100 | 0 | 0 |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 91 | 0 | 0 | n.s. | 9 |
Ukraine: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 2119 | 218 | 1122 | 997 | 100 |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| - | - | | | |
Ukraine: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 499 | 662 | 712 | 761 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 78 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 16 | 10 | 10 |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
Ukraine: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| 5 | 100 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| 148 | 117 | n.s. | 7 | 272 | 3 |
Ukraine: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 8577 | 7814 | 11387 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 5013 | 4417 | 5290 | 100 |
Ukraine: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| - | - | - | - | - |
Ukraine: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 64 | 108 | 102 |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 62 | 105 | 98 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 2 | 3 | 4 |
Ukraine: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): No (-)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2010) In implementation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (1994)
Sub-national forest law: No
Ukraine: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| - | - | - | - | 939 | - |
Ukraine: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 388528 | 331853 | - | 7663 | - | 339516 | -
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Ukraine: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Ukraine: Environment
| Environment - current issues | inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds | | Natural hazards | NA |
Ukraine: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 56.21%
permanent crops: 1.61%
other: 42.18% (2001) | | Natural resources | iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land |
Ukraine: Economy
| Economy - overview: | After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied the unique equipment (for example, large diameter pipes) and raw materials to industrial and mining sites (vertical drilling apparatus) in other regions of the former USSR. Ukraine depends on imports of energy, especially natural gas, to meet some 85% of its annual energy requirements. Shortly after independence in December 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Loose monetary policies pushed inflation to hyperinflationary levels in late 1993. Ukraine's dependence on Russia for energy supplies and the lack of significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian economy vulnerable to external shocks. Ukrainian government officials have taken some steps to reform the country's Byzantine tax code, such as the implementation of lower tax rates aimed at bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy, but more improvements are needed, including closing tax loopholes and eliminating tax privileges and exemptions. Reforms in the more politically sensitive areas of structural reform and land privatization are still lagging. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF - have encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms. Growth was 4.4% in 2005, underpinned by strong domestic demand, and solid consumer and investor confidence. The current account surplus reached a record high in 2005. | | GDP - per capita | $6,800 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 4.4% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 18.5%, industry: 44.7%, services: 36.8% (2005 est.) | | Industries | coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing (especially sugar) | | Economic aid - recipient | $637.7 million (1995); IMF Extended Funds Facility $2.2 billion (1998) | | Debt - external | $33.93 billion (30 June 2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 29% (2003 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 24%, industry 32%, services 44% (1996) |
Ukraine: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 47,425,336 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | -0.63% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 78.6 | | Percent rural (2003) | 32.8% | | Median age (years) | total: 38.22 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 1.4 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 census) |
Largest Cities in Ukraine
Cities and urban areas in Ukraine with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Kyyiv | Ukraine | 2619000 | 3217800 |
| Kharkiv | Ukraine | 1460500 | 1674800 |
| Dnipropetrovsk | Ukraine | 1076600 | 1465500 |
| Donetsk | Ukraine | 1021200 | 1743600 |
| Odesa | Ukraine | 990100 | 1109600 |
| Zaporizhzhya | Ukraine | 829300 | 829300 |
| L'viv | Ukraine | 778900 | 778900 |
| Kryvyy Rih | Ukraine | 686200 | 686200 |
| Mykolayiv | Ukraine | 496100 | 496100 |
| Mariupol' | Ukraine | 477800 | 477800 |
| Luhansk | Ukraine | 453800 | 516600 |
| Vinnytsya | Ukraine | 383800 | 383800 |
| Makiyivka | Ukraine | 371900 | 371900 |
| Kherson | Ukraine | 347400 | 347400 |
| Sevastopol' | Ukraine | 341800 | 341800 |
| Simferopol' | Ukraine | 327100 | 327100 |
| Poltava | Ukraine | 308000 | 308000 |
| Cherkasy | Ukraine | 304700 | 304700 |
| Chernihiv | Ukraine | 301200 | 301200 |
| Zhytomyr | Ukraine | 290200 | 290200 |
| Sumy | Ukraine | 288200 | 288200 |
| Horlivka | Ukraine | 287000 | 631100 |
| Dniprodzerzhynsk | Ukraine | 263400 | 263400 |
| Kirovohrad | Ukraine | 257600 | 257600 |
| Khmel'nytskyy | Ukraine | 256700 | 256700 |
| Chernivtsi | Ukraine | 254800 | 254800 |
| Rivne | Ukraine | 243500 | 243500 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk | Ukraine | 237400 | 237400 |
| Ternopil' | Ukraine | 233400 | 233400 |
| Kremenchuh | Ukraine | 231000 | 231000 |
| Lutsk | Ukraine | 216100 | 216100 |
| Bila Tserkva | Ukraine | 205500 | 205500 |
| Kramatorsk | Ukraine | 180700 | 594100 |
| Melitpol' | Ukraine | 163400 | 163400 |
| Kerch | Ukraine | 158700 | 158700 |
| Nikopol' | Ukraine | 145800 | 145800 |
| Berdyansk | Ukraine | 126400 | 126400 |
| Pavlohrad | Ukraine | 124700 | 124700 |
| Uzhhorod | Ukraine | 124400 | 124400 |
| Syeverodonetsk | Ukraine | 121800 | 121800 |
| Alchevsk | Ukraine | 114000 | 114000 |
| Lysychansk | Ukraine | 112200 | 112200 |
| Yevpatoriya | Ukraine | 107600 | 107600 |
| Kamyanets-Podilskyy | Ukraine | 103600 | 103600 |
Ukraine: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 10,833,300 (2002) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 4.2 million (2002) | | Roadways (km) | total: 169,679 km
paved: 164,249 km
unpaved: 5,430 km (2002) |
Ukraine: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 69.68 years
male: 64.39 years
female: 75.31 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 20.34 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 1.4% (2003 est.) |
Ukraine
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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