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Uzbekistan
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
7.7% or about 3,276,000 ha of Uzbekistan is forested, according to FAO. Of this 2.2% ( 72,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Uzbekistan had 635,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Uzbekistan lost an average of 11,550 ha or 0.38% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Uzbekistan gained 7.6% of its forest cover, or around 231,000 ha.
Uzbekistan's forests contain 19 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Uzbekistan has some 494 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.6% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 5.1% are threatened. Uzbekistan is home to at least 4800 species of vascular plants, of which 8.3% are endemic. 4.6% of Uzbekistan is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Uzbekistan
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Uzbekistan: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 42540 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 3276 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 8 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 72 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 2 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 874 |
| Percent other wooded land | 2 |
Uzbekistan: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 72 | 2 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 2569 | 78 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 635 | 19 |
Uzbekistan: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 3045 | 3212 | 3295 | 3276 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 17 | 17 | -4 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0.54 | 0.51 | -0.12 | |
Uzbekistan: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 2842 | 2748 | 2701 | 2641 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -9 | -9 | -11 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -0.3 | -0.33 | -0.39
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Uzbekistan: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 57 | 57 | 57 | 72 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 3 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 4.78 | |
Uzbekistan: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 203 | 464 | 594 | 635 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 26 | 26 | 8 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 8.62 | 5.06 | 1.34 | |
Uzbekistan: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| n.s. | 93 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Uzbekistan: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| - | - | - |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Uzbekistan: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 26 | 8 | 7 | 19 | n.s. |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| - | - | | | |
Uzbekistan: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 8 | 14 | 18 | 19 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 6 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 1 | 1 | n.s. |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Uzbekistan: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| n.s. | 100 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| 16 | 9 | - | - | 25 | 1 |
Uzbekistan: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 3 | 5 | 9 | 100 |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 46 | 24 | 21 | 100 |
Uzbekistan: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| 1 | n.s. | 2 | 3 | n.s. |
Uzbekistan: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 5 | 7 | 7 |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 4 | 6 | 6 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
Uzbekistan: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): No (-)
Sub-national forest policy: -
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2006) In formulation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (1999)
Sub-national forest law: -
Uzbekistan: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| 6639 | 10 | 6720 | 11 | 7102 | 15 |
Uzbekistan: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 6846 | 4890 | - | 0 | 0 | 4890 | -
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Uzbekistan: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Uzbekistan: Environment
| Environment - current issues | shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | Natural hazards | NA |
Uzbekistan: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 10.83%
permanent crops: 0.83%
other: 88.34% (2001) | | Natural resources | natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum |
Uzbekistan: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 11% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of its population lives in densely populated rural communities. Uzbekistan is now the world's second-largest cotton exporter, and fifth largest producer; it relies heavily on cotton production as the major source of export earnings. Other major export earners include gold and oil. Following independence in December 1991, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. Uzbekistan responded to the negative external conditions generated by the Asian and Russian financial crises by emphasizing import substitute industrialization and by tightening export and currency controls within its already largely closed economy. The government, while aware of the need to improve the investment climate, sponsors measures that often increase, not decrease, the government's control over business decisions. A sharp increase in the inequality of income distribution has hurt the lower ranks of society since independence. In 2003, the government accepted the obligations of Article VIII under the International Monetary Fund (IMF), providing for full currency convertibility. However, strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity. Potential investment by Russia and China in Uzbekistan's gas and oil industry would increase economic growth prospects. | | GDP - per capita | $1,900 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 5.4% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 38%, industry: 26.3%, services: 35.7% (2003 est.) | | Industries | textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, gold petroleum, natural gas, chemicals | | Economic aid - recipient | $87.4 million from the US (2003) | | Debt - external | $5.184 billion (2005 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 28% (2004 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 44%, industry 20%, services 36% (1995) |
Uzbekistan: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 26,851,195 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 1.67% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 63.1 | | Percent rural (2003) | 63.4% | | Median age (years) | total: 22.36 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 2.94 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.) |
Largest Cities in Uzbekistan
Cities and urban areas in Uzbekistan with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Tashkent | Uzbekistan | 2150000 | 3394200 |
| Namangan | Uzbekistan | 422700 | 571200 |
| Samarkand | Uzbekistan | 373400 | 519000 |
| Andizhan | Uzbekistan | 348300 | 524200 |
| Bukhara | Uzbekistan | 268000 | 268000 |
| Nukus | Uzbekistan | 254200 | 254200 |
| Qarsi | Uzbekistan | 220900 | 220900 |
| Farghona | Uzbekistan | 216200 | 493900 |
| Kukon | Uzbekistan | 209400 | 209400 |
| Urgench | Uzbekistan | 168900 | 168900 |
| Zhizaq | Uzbekistan | 160600 | 160600 |
| Angren | Uzbekistan | 157500 | 157500 |
| Navoi | Uzbekistan | 144500 | 144500 |
| Olmaliq | Uzbekistan | 132300 | 132300 |
| Termez | Uzbekistan | 128300 | 128300 |
| Bekobod | Uzbekistan | 100500 | 100500 |
Uzbekistan: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 1,717,100 (2003) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 320,800 (2003) | | Roadways (km) | total: 81,600 km
paved: 71,237 km
unpaved: 10,363 km (1999 est.) |
Uzbekistan: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 64.19 years
male: 60.82 years
female: 67.73 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 71.1 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | less than 0.1% (2001 est.) |
Uzbekistan
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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