China Forest Information and Data

According to the U.N. FAO, 21.9% or about 206,861,000 ha of China is forested, according to FAO. Of this 5.6% ( 11,632,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. China had 77,157,000 ha of planted forest.

Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, China lost an average of 2,486,000 ha or 1.58% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, China gained 31.6% of its forest cover, or around 49,720,000 ha.

China's forests contain 6,203 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass. Biodiversity and Protected Areas: China has some 2487 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 19.7% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 11.2% are threatened. China is home to at least 32200 species of vascular plants, of which 55.9% are endemic. 11.3% of China is protected under IUCN categories I-V.

China Environmental profile

The following contains data relating to forest cover in China

Previous version of this profile (2009)

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China: Forest Cover, 2010 Total Land Area (1000 ha) 942530 Total Forest Area (1000 ha) 206861 Percent Forest Cover 22 Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) 11632 Primary Forest, % total forest 6 Other wooded land (1000 ha) 102012 Percent other wooded land 11 China: Breakdown of forest types, 2010 Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) 11632 6 Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) 118071 57 Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) 77157 37 China: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010 TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) 1990 2000 2005 2010 157141 177000 193044 206861 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 1986 3209 2763 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 1.20 1.75 1.39 China: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010 FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) 1990 2000 2005 2010 115191.00 122606.00 125825.00 129704.00 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 742 742.00 710.00 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 0.6 0.64 0.58 China: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010 PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) 1990 2000 2005 2010 11646 11632 11632 11632 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 -1 0 0 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 -0.01 0 0 China: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010 PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) 1990 2000 2005 2010 41950 54394 67219 77157 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 1244 2565 1988 ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent) Negative number represents deforestation 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2.63 4.33 2.80 China: Primary designated function (percent) Production Protection of soil and water Conservation of biodiversity Social services Multiple use Other None or unknown 41 29 4 2 24 0 0 China: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent) OWNERSHIP PATTERN Public ownership Private ownership Other 68 32 0 PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Individuals Business entities and institutions Local, indigenous and tribal communities - - - HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS Public administration Individuals Business entities and Institutions Communities Other 100 0 0 0 0 China: Growing stock in forest GROWING STOCK IN FOREST Total (million m3) Per hectare (m3) Coniferous (million m3) Broadleaved (million m3) % commercial species 14684 71 6901 7782 31 GROWING STOCK IN FOREST Total (million m3) Per hectare (m3) Coniferous (million m3) Broadleaved (million m3) % commercial species 1112 11 China: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010 CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS (million metric tons) 1990 2000 2005 2010 4414 5295 5802 6203 CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS (per hectare in tons) 2000 30 ANNUAL CHANGE (1 000 t/yr) 1990 2000 2005 2010 88 101 80 ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE (t/ha/yr) 1990 2000 2005 2010 n.s. n.s. n.s. China: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005 FOREST FIRE 1000 ha % wild fire (not managed burn) 221 11 EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE Insects Diseases Other biotic agents Abiotic factors Total (excluding fire) % of 2005 forest area 3152 348 749 - 4250 2 China: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005 INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) 1990 2000 2005 percent of which from forest 2005 64814 55502 63882 100 WOODFUEL Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) 1990 2000 2005 percent of which from forest 2005 63600 75948 63676 100 China: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005 Value of removals (million US$) Value per ha forest (US$) Industrial roundwood Woodfuel NWFP Total 4140 - 4735 - - China: Employment in forestry 1990-2005 TOTAL (1000 full-time employees) 1990 2000 2005 1870 1521 1322 IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY (1000 full-time employees) 1990 2000 2005 1863 1462 1203 IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION (1000 full-time employees) 1990 2000 2005 7 59 120 China: Forest policy and legal framework 2008 National forest policy (year): Yes (2008) Sub-national forest policy: No National forest program (year) - status: Yes (2006) In implementation National forest law (year): Specific forest law (1979) Sub-national forest law: Yes China: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008 2000 2005 2008 # % female # % female # % female 817599 30 717517 28 719808 28 China: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005 Forest revenue Public expenditure (1000 US$) Domestic funding External funding Total (1000 US$) Operational expenditure Transfer payments Operational expenditure Transfer payments Operational expenditure Transfer payments 311065 142909 4776996 - - - - China: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010 CbD: UNFCCC: Kyoto Protocol: UNCCD: ITTA: CITeS: Ramsar: World Heritage Convention: NlbI: [an error occurred while processing this directive] China: Environment Environment - current issues air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species Environment - international agreements party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Natural hazards frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence China: Land use / Resources Land use (%) arable land: 15.4% permanent crops: 1.25% other: 83.35% (2001) Natural resources coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest) China: Economy Economy - overview: China's economy during the last quarter-century has changed from a centrally planned system that was largely closed to international trade to a more market-oriented economy that has a rapidly growing private sector and is a major player in the global economy. Reforms started in the late 1970s with the phasing out of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased autonomy for state enterprises, the foundation of a diversified banking system, the development of stock markets, the rapid growth of the non-state sector, and the opening to foreign trade and investment. China has generally implemented reforms in a gradualist or piecemeal fashion. The process continues with key moves in 2005 including the sale of equity in China's largest state banks to foreign investors and refinements in foreign exchange and bond markets. The restructuring of the economy and resulting efficiency gains have contributed to a more than ten-fold increase in GDP since 1978. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis, China in 2005 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, although in per capita terms the country is still lower middle-income and 150 million Chinese fall below international poverty lines. Economic development has generally been more rapid in coastal provinces than in the interior and there are large disparities in per capita income between regions. The government has struggled to (a) sustain adequate jobs growth for tens of millions of workers laid off from state-owned enterprises, migrants, and new entrants to the work force; (b) reduce corruption and other economic crimes; and (c) contain environmental damage and social strife related to the economy's rapid transformation. From 100 to 150 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, many subsisting through part-time, low-paying jobs. One demographic consequence of the "one child" policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Another long-term threat to growth is the deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table especially in the north. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development. China has benefited from a huge expansion in computer Internet use, with more than 100 million users at the end of 2005. Foreign investment remains a strong element in China's remarkable expansion in world trade and has been an important factor in growth of urban jobs. On 21 July 2005 China revalued its currency by 2.1 percent against the US dollar and moved to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies. Reports of shortages of electric power in the summer of 2005 in southern China receded by September-October and did not have a substantial impact on China's economy. More power generating capacity is scheduled to come on line in 2006 as large scale investments are completed. The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in October 2005 approved the draft 11th Five-Year Plan and the National People's Congress is expected to give final approval in March 2006. The plan calls for a 20 percent reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP by 2010 and an estimated 45 percent increase in GDP by 2010. The plan states that conserving resources and protecting the environment are basic goals but it lacks details on the policies and reforms necessary to achieve these goals. GDP - per capita $6,200 (2005 est.) GDP - real growth rate (%) 9.2% (official data) (2005 est.) Agriculture - products rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed, pork, fish GDP - composition by sector (%) agriculture: 14.4%, industry and construction: 53.1%, services: 32.5% (2005 est.) Industries mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals; coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles and satellites Economic aid - recipient NA Debt - external $242 billion (2005 est.) Population below poverty line (%) 10% (2001 est.) Labor force - by occupation (%) agriculture 49%, industry 22%, services 29% (2003 est.) China: Population / Demographics Population (July 2005) 1,306,313,812 Population growth rate (%) (2005) 0.58% Population density (people/sq km) (2005) 140.1 Percent rural (2003) 61.4% Median age (years) total: 32.26 years Total fertility rate (children born/woman) 1.72 (2005 est.) Ethnic groups (%) Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1% Largest Cities in China Cities and urban areas in China with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002. City Country City Population Urban Area Population Shanghai China 9031200 12005300 Beijing China 7129500 9349300 Tianjin China 4344500 6927200 Wuhan China 3957500 4574200 Shenyang China 3452900 6422700 Guangzhou China 3433700 5370800 Harbin China 2765400 4457800 Xian China 2656500 2965000 Chongqing China 2311600 7161100 Kowloon China 2279200 2279200 Chengdu China 1927100 3326800 Changchun China 1886700 2744200 Taiyuan China 1832200 1920900 Nanjing China 1800000 3115800 Jinan China 1728400 2444400 Dalian China 1657500 3195900 Qingdao China 1449500 2561200 Lanzhou China 1434500 1930800 Fushun China 1384000 1384000 Zhengzhou China 1347700 2162900 Changsha China 1261700 1586100 Datong China 1253600 1377100 Anshan China 1246900 2404100 Hangzhou China 1212800 3090600 Shijiazhuang China 1190300 1701000 Guiyang China 1161500 1910800 Hong Kong China 1159300 8208200 Jilin China 1142800 1523700 Urumqi China 1120700 1369100 Shenzhen China 1113500 1113500 Nanchang China 1077600 1620600 Fuzhou China 1036900 1534000 Nanning China 913300 1443300 Xuzhou China 893100 1111400 Kunming China 871300 1947400 Tangshan China 821200 1480400 Luoyang China 819200 1499000 Wuxi China 811100 1130900 Hefei China 784000 1340200 Shantou China 775500 1771200 Qiqihar China 770500 1671600 Benxi China 764000 1175300 Suzhou China 763500 979400 Liuzhou China 747700 990700 Hohhot China 724500 1041200 Xining China 713500 894900 Baotou China 698600 1443300 Huangshi China 696200 696200 Jinzhou China 670600 902100 Fuxin China 664500 969100 Hegang China 649700 772200 Handan China 610400 1266400 Yingkou China 609700 721700 Kaifeng China 584400 855700 Mudanjiang China 574900 933000 Hengyang China 561600 799000 Liaoyang China 559100 559100 Baoding China 558800 710100 Anyang China 557900 736200 Changzhou China 542900 893800 Xinxiang China 535100 716500 Dandong China 533600 533600 Bengbu China 523500 1118200 Wuhu China 517100 688700 Jiamusi China 516600 721700 Tuanmun China 510900 510900 Shatin China 510800 510800 Pingdingshan China 507900 507900 Xiangtan China 506700 675300 Zhuzhou China 497900 680400 Yichang China 483800 613400 Aomen China 479800 762900 Panzhihua China 478000 771100 Guilin China 475900 752600 Xiangfan China 475500 565000 Ningbo China 472400 1388700 Xiamen China 470200 733000 Wenzhou China 469000 734000 Jiaozuo China 468700 659800 Zhanjiang China 442700 618600 Changzhi China 438900 659100 Panjin China 416700 527800 Yantai China 408100 476300 Tanggu China 407400 609800 Haikou China 406600 525800 Donghe China 401500 401500 Zhangjiakou China 389500 882500 Maanshan China 384600 546400 Yangquan China 379900 640200 Shiyan China 379400 493800 Liaoyuan China 375800 506200 Xianyang China 373500 373500 Baoji China 372600 573200 Qitaihe China 361700 551600 Dongguan China 360200 505200 Xingtai China 356200 469100 Siping China 354200 354200 Shashi China 353500 353500 Anqing China 343300 343300 Yangzhou China 342200 551600 Taian China 341800 500000 Weifang China 336800 336800 Zhenjiang China 332700 572200 Jingdezhen China 329300 329300 Jinxi China 328800 556700 Guizhong China 326900 326900 Zhongshan China 316600 316600 Taipo China 311400 311400 Qinhuangdao China 309900 665000 Quanwan China 307900 307900 Hulan Ergi China 307700 307700 Luzhou China 306600 503100 Foshan China 300500 300500 Yangjiang China 300200 500000 Zunyi China 297400 497900 Jiujiang China 295400 295400 Tieling China 295100 295100 Dongying China 294400 804100 Tongling China 293800 293800 Shaoyang China 292200 292200 Xianggangzi China 289300 289300 Tiangjiaan China 281700 281700 Yueyang China 279400 279400 Yancheng China 278900 278900 Wuzhou China 271700 271700 Nanyang China 271300 271300 Zhangdian China 268400 268400 Wafangdian China 267700 267700 Saertu China 266300 266300 Suizhou China 263400 263400 Zigong China 262300 486600 Linyi China 260600 260600 Yingcheng China 260000 260000 Heze China 257600 257600 Dongchang China 253200 253200 Xuchang China 252900 252900 Suihua China 252100 252100 Changde China 251700 251700 Chifeng China 250200 250200 Shaoguan China 249300 249300 Yanji China 248400 530900 Yinchuan China 247500 630900 Xincheng China 245500 245500 Tongliao China 245400 245400 Mianyang China 245000 245000 Rizhao China 244700 244700 Yibin China 243900 243900 Huaiyin China 242800 680400 Cangzhou China 241700 241700 Chaozhou China 240000 240000 Laohekou China 239700 239700 Mianchang China 238200 238200 Baicheng China 237300 237300 Nantong China 236500 236500 Jixi China 234000 1039200 Guangyuan China 234000 234000 Hebi China 233500 233500 Tongchuan China 228000 228000 Xiantao China 226400 226400 Jinzhou China 226100 226100 Yuci China 225200 225200 Ranghulu China 224600 224600 Xintai China 223300 223300 Shiongshui China 221600 221600 Huizhou China 221300 221300 Yining China 220500 220500 Liaocheng China 220300 220300 Yiyang China 217900 217900 Chaoyang China 217500 217500 Wuxue China 217100 217100 Ganzhou China 216300 216300 Dezhou China 215400 215400 Huaibei China 214900 587600 Linfen China 213000 213000 Zhangzhou China 212900 212900 Qingyi China 212600 212600 Nanchong China 212400 212400 Sanming China 212200 212200 Tianmen China 211300 211300 Xinpu China 207200 659800 Jiangmen China 205800 567000 Rongcheng China 204600 204600 Quanzhou China 203800 203800 Xinyang China 202000 202000 Suzhou China 201800 201800 Haicheng China 201200 201200 Zhuhai China 200900 200900 Shuangyashan China 197700 560900 Shaoxing China 196700 196700 Jiaxing China 196300 196300 Zouxian China 195500 195500 Shangqiu China 195400 195400 Jining China 194000 194000 Kashi China 193400 193400 Nanping China 192900 192900 Chenzhou China 192600 192600 Shihezi China 191900 191900 Kaiyuan China 190900 190900 Zaoyang China 189500 189500 Anda China 189300 189300 Yuncheng China 188800 188800 Wanxian China 188600 188600 Xuanhua China 188200 188200 Badaojiang China 187500 187500 Neijiang China 183100 183100 Longfeng China 182800 182800 Jingzhou China 182700 182700 Zaozhuang China 182600 474200 Qincheng China 182100 182100 Anshun China 181800 181800 Ezhou China 181400 181400 Puyang China 180100 180100 Yizheng China 180100 180100 Dongling China 180000 180000 Mentougou China 179500 179500 Baiyin China 178600 178600 Jiutai China 178500 178500 Maoming China 177900 177900 Liupanshui China 177300 494900 Luan China 176700 176700 Jining China 174900 174900 Laiyang China 174000 174000 Jingmen China 172300 172300 Minhang China 171700 171700 Bozhou China 171300 171300 Korla China 170300 170300 Jiaozhou China 169300 169300 Huzhou China 169000 169000 Weinan China 168900 168900 Yulin China 168700 168700 Dunhua China 168300 575300 Jian China 168100 168100 Hailar China 167800 167800 Huanggang China 167800 167800 Fuyang China 167200 167200 Chengde China 166400 166400 Fuling China 166200 166200 Xiaogan China 164800 164800 Wulanhaote China 164700 164700 Qiongguanou China 163900 163900 Zhicheng China 163700 163700 Gejiu China 163600 163600 Xianning China 163500 163500 Yuhong China 163400 163400 Beipiao China 162700 162700 Hengshan China 161700 161700 Boshan China 161200 161200 Zhaodong China 161200 161200 Xinji China 159200 159200 Kaili China 159000 159000 Deyang China 158200 158200 Linhe China 158200 158200 Yichun China 157000 157000 Daliang China 156300 156300 Sujiatun China 155500 155500 Dingzhou China 155000 155000 Honghu China 154800 154800 Gaomi China 154700 154700 Guangshui China 154100 154100 Yichun China 153400 958800 Zhoukou China 153200 153200 Zhaoqing China 152700 152700 Beian China 152100 152100 Leshan China 151400 151400 Acheng China 151000 151000 Xinzhou China 150900 150900 Yuanlong China 150100 150100 Dachang China 149000 149000 Tongzhou China 148300 148300 Aksu China 148100 148100 Linhai China 147300 147300 Shangrao China 147300 147300 Hanzhong China 146100 146100 Chizhou China 145900 145900 Chuzhou China 145900 145900 Huicheng China 144900 144900 Zalantun China 144700 144700 Shanwei China 144200 144200 Gongzhuling China 143700 143700 Hengshui China 143700 143700 Beihai China 143600 143600 Shizuishan China 143600 143600 Chaohu China 143300 143300 Yushan China 143300 143300 Jinhua China 143000 143000 Jieshou China 142600 142600 Humen China 142500 142500 Ankang China 142200 142200 Longyan China 142000 142000 Huadian China 141800 141800 Zhumadian China 141800 141800 Fuyu China 141400 141400 Qujing China 140500 140500 Donghai China 140100 140100 Huangyan China 140000 140000 Xiaolan China 139500 139500 Leiyang China 138900 138900 Haibowan China 138700 138700 Gangdong China 138300 138300 Wuda China 137800 137800 Shuimogou China 137700 137700 Yongan China 137500 137500 Xuanzhou China 137000 137000 Huaihua China 136900 136900 Langfang China 136500 136500 Puqi China 136500 136500 Shuangcheng China 136500 136500 Daxian China 135900 135900 Pingxiang China 135100 528900 Jincheng China 135100 135100 Jiagedagi China 134900 134900 Tongren China 134400 134400 Yakeshi China 134100 134100 Sanmenxia China 133900 133900 Linchuan China 133300 133300 Jiangyou China 132200 132200 Jinchang China 131900 131900 Dali China 131700 131700 Jiupu China 130000 130000 Baoshan China 129200 129200 Zhoucun China 128500 128500 Licheng China 128300 128300 Honggang China 127600 127600 Macheng China 127300 127300 Yushu China 127200 127200 Fengcheng China 126500 126500 Luohe China 126300 126300 Hami China 126000 126000 Huangzhou China 125900 125900 Nancha China 125700 125700 Xingyi China 125600 125600 Jiaohe China 125400 125400 Daan China 125100 125100 Dawukou China 124000 124000 Gaozhou China 123400 123400 Hangu China 122500 122500 Laiwu China 122100 122100 Kaiyuan China 121500 121500 Suining China 121500 121500 Wuning China 121300 121300 Anbu China 121000 121000 Shishou China 120700 120700 Loudi China 120200 120200 Bantou China 120100 120100 Yidu China 120100 120100 Xichang China 119400 119400 Binzhou China 118900 118900 Hekou China 118800 118800 Linqing China 118700 118700 Yanan China 118700 118700 Wencheng China 118400 118400 Mingshui China 117900 117900 Zhuozhou China 117900 117900 Qianjiang China 116900 116900 Ruian China 116500 116500 Karamay China 116300 116300 Lengshuijiang China 116100 116100 Qianguo China 115800 115800 Changji China 115700 115700 Shahe China 115600 115600 Daan China 115200 115200 Taonan China 115000 115000 Lasa China 114800 114800 Hailun China 114700 114700 Tieli China 114500 114500 Xinan China 114200 114200 Chuncheng China 114100 114100 Shaowu China 114100 114100 Hulan China 113900 113900 Meizhou China 113800 113800 Dongtai China 113600 113600 Chenghai China 113200 113200 Nehe China 113000 113000 Zhucheng China 112800 112800 Qingyuan China 112400 112400 Wuwei China 112400 112400 Xiangdong China 112400 112400 Rongcheng China 111900 111900 Beibei China 111800 111800 Sucheng China 111800 111800 Yingzhong China 111800 111800 Linshui China 111400 111400 Longjiang China 111100 111100 Dehui China 110900 110900 Yushan China 110500 110500 Jiangyin China 110400 110400 Jinma China 110200 110200 Tinshuiwei China 110200 110200 Yaan China 109700 109700 Pulandian China 109500 109500 Buhe China 109200 109200 Majie China 109000 109000 Anqiu China 108400 108400 Zhaoyang China 108400 108400 Tengzhou China 108200 108200 Taicheng China 108000 108000 Zhaotong China 107900 107900 Didao China 107500 107500 Songjiang China 107500 107500 Zhalainuoer China 107100 107100 Shunyi China 106800 106800 Weihai China 106200 106200 Yuyao China 106200 106200 Jishu China 106000 106000 Jiayuguan China 104500 104500 Shenjiamen China 104400 104400 Sanbu China 104300 104300 Jinchengjiang China 104100 104100 Xingcheng China 103900 103900 Zhaocheng China 103400 103400 Pingliang China 103200 103200 Zhuji China 103000 103000 Lianran China 102800 102800 Xilinhaote China 102500 102500 Yunyang China 102400 102400 Zhangye China 102400 102400 Jieshi China 102100 102100 Linxi China 101700 101700 Meihekou China 101400 101400 Xinshi China 101100 101100 Lishui China 101000 101000 Shiqiao China 100500 100500 Nongan China 100000 100000 China: Infrastructure Telephones - main lines in use 263 million (2003) Telephones - mobile cellular 269 million (2003) Roadways (km) total: 1,809,829 km paved: 1,447,682 km (with at least 29,745 km of expressways) unpaved: 362,147 km (2003) China: Health Life expectancy at birth (years) total population: 72.27 years male: 70.65 years female: 74.09 years (2005 est.) Infant mortality rate 24.18 deaths/1,000 live births HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) 0.1% (2003 est.) China : References & Data Sources  Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005  Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)  Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.  Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.  RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.  World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site  The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species  Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund  With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com Select a Country or Region INDEX Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Caribbean Cayman Islands Central African Republic Central America Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Cote d�Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic DR Congo East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macau Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Korea Norway Oceania Oman Pakistan Palau Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russia Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Lucia Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia and Montenegro Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South America South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States United States of America United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Viet Nam Vietnam Virgin Islands Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Tropical rainforest information  World Rainforests  Rainforest Structure  Rainforest Biodiversity  Canopy  Forest Floor  Rainforest Waters  Indigenous People  Deforestation  Global Importance  Rainforest Conservation  Country Reports update soon  References  Deforestation Tables  The Amazon Rainforest update soon  The Congo Rainforest update soon  Deforestation in Brazil  Rainforest Images   Web mongabay.com Mongabay Rainforests Mongabay News Mongabay Photos