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Niger
Forest Information and Data
According to the U.N. FAO,
1.0% or about 1,204,000 ha of Niger is forested, according to FAO. Of this 18.3% ( 220,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. Niger had 148,000 ha of planted forest.
Change in Forest Cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Niger lost an average of 37,050 ha or 1.90% per year. In total, between 1990 and 2010, Niger lost 38.1% of its forest cover, or around 741,000 ha.
Niger's forests contain 37 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass.
Biodiversity and Protected Areas: Niger has some 684 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles according to figures from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Of these, 0.3% are endemic, meaning they exist in no other country, and 1.8% are threatened. Niger is home to at least 1460 species of vascular plants. 8.2% of Niger is protected under IUCN categories I-V.
Niger Environmental profile
The following contains data relating to forest cover in Niger
Previous version of this profile (2009)
SECTIONS:
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Niger: Forest Cover, 2010
| Total Land Area (1000 ha) | 126670 |
| Total Forest Area (1000 ha) | 1204 |
| Percent Forest Cover | 1 |
| Primary Forest Cover (1000 ha) | 220 |
| Primary Forest, % total forest | 18 |
| Other wooded land (1000 ha) | 3440 |
| Percent other wooded land | 3 |
Niger: Breakdown of forest types, 2010
| Primary forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 220 | 18 |
| Other naturally regenerated forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 836 | 69 |
| Planted Forest (1000 ha | % of forest area) | 148 | 12 |
Niger: Trends in Total (Net) Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 1945 | 1328 | 1266 | 1204 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -62 | -12 | -12 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -3.74 | -0.95 | -1.00 | |
Niger: Trends in Natural Forest Cover (Deforestation), 1990-2010
| FOREST COVER (excluding planted forests) (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 1897 | 1255 | 1156 | 1056 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -64 | -64 | -20 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| -3.4 | -3.38 | -1.59
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Niger: Trends in Primary or Old Growth Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PRIMARY FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 220 | 220 | 220 | 220 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Niger: Trends in Planted Forest Cover, 1990-2010
| PLANTED FOREST COVER (1000 ha) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 48 | 73 | 110 | 148 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (1000 ha)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 3 | 7 | 8 | |
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE (percent)
Negative number represents deforestation |
| 1990-2000 | 2000-2005 | 2005-2010 |
| 4.28 | 8.55 | 6.11 | |
Niger: Primary designated function (percent)
| Production | Protection of soil and water | Conservation of biodiversity | Social services | Multiple use | Other | None or unknown |
| 1 | n.s. | 18 | 0 | 81 | 0 | 0 |
Niger: Forest ownership and management rights 2005 (percent)
| OWNERSHIP PATTERN |
| Public ownership | Private ownership | Other |
| 100 | n.s. | 0 |
| PRIVATE OWNERSHIP |
| Individuals | Business entities and institutions | Local, indigenous and tribal communities |
| 100 | 0 | 0 |
| HOLDER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OF PUBLIC FORESTS |
| Public administration | Individuals | Business
entities and Institutions | Communities | Other |
| 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Niger: Growing stock in forest
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
Total
(million m3) | Per hectare
(m3) | Coniferous
(million m3) | Broadleaved
(million m3) | % commercial species |
| 12 | 10 | - | - | 100 |
| GROWING STOCK IN FOREST |
| Total (million m3) | Per hectare (m3) | Coniferous (million m3) | Broadleaved (million m3) | % commercial species |
| 11 | 3 | | | |
Niger: Trends in carbon stock in living forest biomass 1990-2010
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(million metric tons) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| 60 | 41 | 38 | 37 |
CARBON STOCK IN LIVING FOREST BIOMASS
(per hectare in tons) |
| | | 2000 |
| | | 31 |
ANNUAL CHANGE
(1 000 t/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| -2 | -1 | n.s. |
ANNUAL CHANGE PER HECTARE
(t/ha/yr) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
| n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Niger: Area of forest affected by fire and other disturbances 2005
| FOREST FIRE |
| 1000 ha | % wild fire (not managed burn) |
| 27 | 0 |
| EXCLUDING FOREST FIRE |
| Insects | Diseases | Other biotic agents | Abiotic factors | Total (excluding fire) | % of 2005 forest area |
| - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
Niger: Trends in removals of wood products 1990-2005
INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 454 | 579 | 701 | - |
WOODFUEL
Total volume (1 000 m3 over bark) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | percent of which from forest 2005 |
| 9089 | 11572 | 14023 | - |
Niger: Value of wood and NWFP removals 2005
Value of removals
(million US$) | Value per ha forest
(US$) |
| Industrial roundwood | Woodfuel | NWFP | Total | |
| 3 | 57 | - | - | - |
Niger: Employment in forestry 1990-2005
TOTAL
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | 8 | 8 |
IN PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF GOODS-FORESTRY
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| 2 | 8 | 8 |
IN MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS-CONSERVATION
(1000 full-time employees) |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| - | n.s. | n.s. |
Niger: Forest policy and legal framework 2008
National forest policy (year): No (-)
Sub-national forest policy: No
National forest program (year) - status: Yes (-) In formulation
National forest law (year): Specific forest law (2004)
Sub-national forest law: No
Niger: Human resources within public forest institutions 2000-2008
| 2000 | 2005 | 2008 |
| # | % female | # | % female | # | % female |
| 610 | - | 538 | - | 877 | 10 |
Niger: Forest revenue and public expenditure on forestry 2005
| Forest revenue | Public expenditure (1000 US$) |
| Domestic funding | External funding | Total |
| (1000 US$) | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments | Operational expenditure | Transfer payments |
| 1739 | - | - | - | - | - | -
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Niger: Status of ratification of international conventions and agreements as of 1 January 2010
CbD:
UNFCCC:
Kyoto Protocol:
UNCCD:
ITTA:
CITeS:
Ramsar:
World Heritage Convention:
NlbI:
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Niger: Environment
| Environment - current issues | overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction | | Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea | | Natural hazards | recurring droughts |
Niger: Land use / Resources
| Land use (%) | arable land: 3.54%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 96.45% (2001) | | Natural resources | uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum |
Niger: Economy
| Economy - overview: | Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world, a landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Drought cycles, desertification, a 3.3% population growth rate, and the drop in world demand for uranium have undercut the economy. Niger shares a common currency, the CFA franc, and a common central bank, the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), with seven other members of the West African Monetary Union. In December 2000, Niger qualified for enhanced debt relief under the International Monetary Fund program for Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and concluded an agreement with the Fund on a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF). Debt relief provided under the enhanced HIPC initiative significantly reduces Niger's annual debt service obligations, freeing funds for expenditures on basic health care, primary education, HIV/AIDS prevention, rural infrastructure, and other programs geared at poverty reduction. Nearly half of the government's budget is derived from foreign donor resources. Future growth may be sustained by exploitation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources. A drought and locust infestation in 2005 led to food shortages for as many as 2.5 million Nigeriens. | | GDP - per capita | $900 (2005 est.) | | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 3.8% (2005 est.) | | Agriculture - products | cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry | | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 39%, industry: 17%, services: 44% (2001) | | Industries | uranium mining, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses | | Economic aid - recipient | $453.3 million (2003) | | Debt - external | $2.1 billion (2003 est.) | | Population below poverty line (%) | 63% (1993 est.) | | Labor force - by occupation (%) | agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4% |
Niger: Population / Demographics
| Population (July 2005) | 11,665,937 | | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 2.63% | | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 9.2 | | Percent rural (2003) | 77.8% | | Median age (years) | total: 16.25 years | | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 6.75 (2005 est.) | | Ethnic groups (%) | Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates |
Largest Cities in Niger
Cities and urban areas in Niger with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
| City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
| Niamey | Niger | 629500 | 629500 |
| Zinder | Niger | 191100 | 191100 |
| Maradi | Niger | 178600 | 178600 |
| Agadez | Niger | 113400 | 113400 |
Niger: Infrastructure
| Telephones - main lines in use | 22,400 (2002) | | Telephones - mobile cellular | 24,000 (2003) | | Roadways (km) | total: 10,100 km
paved: 798 km
unpaved: 9,302 km (1999 est.) |
Niger: Health
| Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 43.5 years
male: 43.54 years
female: 43.45 years (2005 est.) | | Infant mortality rate | 121.69 deaths/1,000 live births | | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 1.2% (2003 est.) | | Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria is a high risk in some locations
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004) |
Niger
: References & Data Sources
 Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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