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United States: Environment
Environment - current issues | air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural fresh water resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification | Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes | Natural hazards | tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the midwest and southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development |
United States: Land use / Resources
Land use (%) | arable land: 19.13% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 80.65% (2001) | Natural resources | coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber |
United States: Economy
Economy - overview: | The US has the largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $41,800. In this market-oriented economy, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy considerably greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, they face higher barriers to entry in their rivals' home markets than the barriers to entry of foreign firms in US markets. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers and in medical, aerospace, and military equipment; their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. The onrush of technology largely explains the gradual development of a "two-tier labor market" in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. The response to the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 showed the remarkable resilience of the economy. The war in March/April 2003 between a US-led coalition and Iraq, and the subsequent occupation of Iraq, required major shifts in national resources to the military. The rise in GDP in 2004 and 2005 was undergirded by substantial gains in labor productivity. The economy suffered from a sharp increase in energy prices in mid-2005, but by late in the year those prices dropped back to earlier levels. Hurricane Katrina caused extensive damage in the Gulf Coast region, but had a small impact on overall GDP growth for the year. Long-term problems include inadequate investment in economic infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, sizable trade and budget deficits, and stagnation of family income in the lower economic groups. | GDP - per capita | $41,800 (2005 est.) | GDP - real growth rate (%) | 3.5% (2005 est.) | Agriculture - products | wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; forest products; fish | GDP - composition by sector (%) | agriculture: 1%, industry: 20.7%, services: 78.3% (2005 est.) | Industries | leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining | Population below poverty line (%) | 12% (2004 est.) | Debt - external | $8.837 trillion (30 June 2005 est.) | Labor force - by occupation (%) | farming, forestry, and fishing 0.7%, manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts 22.9%, managerial, professional, and technical 34.7%, sales and office 25.4%, other services 16.3% |
United States: Population / Demographics
Population (July 2005) | 295,734,134 | Population growth rate (%) (2005) | 0.92% | Population density (people/sq km) (2005) | 32.3 | Percent rural (2003) | 19.9% | Median age (years) | total: 36.27 years | Total fertility rate (children born/woman) | 2.08 (2005 est.) | Ethnic groups (%) | white 81.7%, black 12.9%, Asian 4.2%, Amerindian and Alaska native 1%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.2% (2003 est.) |
Largest Cities in United States
Cities and urban areas in United States with population over 100,000 All figures are estimates for 2002.
City | Country | City Population | Urban Area Population |
New York | United States | 8103700 | 29881200 |
Los Angeles | United States | 3805400 | 16584700 |
Chicago | United States | 2934900 | 10894200 |
Houston | United States | 2028500 | 4647300 |
Philadelphia | United States | 1522900 | 1522900 |
Phoenix | United States | 1395800 | 3116700 |
San Diego | United States | 1260000 | 1260000 |
Dallas | United States | 1234200 | 5077300 |
San Antonio | United States | 1188500 | 1618400 |
Detroit | United States | 960300 | 5959000 |
San Jose | United States | 921700 | 921700 |
Indianapolis | United States | 804000 | 1589200 |
San Francisco | United States | 800000 | 7108600 |
Jacksonville | United States | 761900 | 1092400 |
Columbus | United States | 714900 | 1540400 |
Austin | United States | 681700 | 1185200 |
Memphis | United States | 665800 | 1142800 |
Baltimore | United States | 663700 | 7610600 |
Milwaukee | United States | 605300 | 605300 |
Boston | United States | 597700 | 7025000 |
El Paso | United States | 585300 | 585300 |
Nashville | United States | 583700 | 1211800 |
Denver | United States | 583000 | 2745500 |
Seattle | United States | 578300 | 3584200 |
Washington | United States | 577800 | 577800 |
Charlotte | United States | 559900 | 1465700 |
Fort Worth | United States | 555200 | 555200 |
Portland | United States | 542300 | 2255500 |
Las Vegas | United States | 518000 | 1428300 |
Tucson | United States | 514200 | 831100 |
Oklahoma City | United States | 513900 | 1082000 |
New Orleans | United States | 488600 | 1350100 |
Cleveland | United States | 480700 | 3010100 |
Long Beach | United States | 475300 | 475300 |
Albuquerque | United States | 455500 | 702000 |
Kansas City | United States | 448000 | 1815900 |
Fresno | United States | 440400 | 909900 |
Virginia Beach | United States | 437200 | 437200 |
Atlanta | United States | 435500 | 3988900 |
Sacramento | United States | 419200 | 1800500 |
Mesa | United States | 418800 | 418800 |
Oakland | United States | 411400 | 411400 |
Tulsa | United States | 399100 | 813000 |
Omaha | United States | 394300 | 722800 |
Minneapolis | United States | 392100 | 2970300 |
Colorado Springs | United States | 379400 | 517100 |
Miami | United States | 375400 | 4923200 |
Honolulu | United States | 370600 | 894100 |
Saint Louis | United States | 353300 | 2656800 |
Wichita | United States | 348800 | 567500 |
Santa Ana | United States | 348100 | 348100 |
Arlington | United States | 345700 | 345700 |
Anaheim | United States | 337800 | 337800 |
Pittsburgh | United States | 335700 | 2411000 |
Cincinnati | United States | 332900 | 2028000 |
Toledo | United States | 315100 | 629800 |
Tampa | United States | 314300 | 2356000 |
Buffalo | United States | 296100 | 1572000 |
Saint Paul | United States | 294200 | 294200 |
Aurora | United States | 290500 | 290500 |
Corpus Christi | United States | 288100 | 288100 |
Raleigh | United States | 285800 | 1143300 |
Newark | United States | 278200 | 278200 |
Lexington-Fayette | United States | 264700 | 264700 |
Anchorage | United States | 264200 | 264200 |
Riverside | United States | 262800 | 262800 |
Louisville | United States | 260400 | 1040200 |
Saint Petersburg | United States | 257100 | 257100 |
Bakersfield | United States | 254500 | 664500 |
Stockton | United States | 251100 | 582400 |
Birmingham | United States | 245600 | 946400 |
Jersey City | United States | 244200 | 244200 |
Norfolk | United States | 241000 | 1616000 |
Hialeah | United States | 234500 | 234500 |
Greensboro | United States | 231800 | 1219700 |
Glendale | United States | 231200 | 231200 |
Plano | United States | 230500 | 230500 |
Baton Rouge | United States | 229700 | 598700 |
Lincoln | United States | 228100 | 228100 |
Garland | United States | 224000 | 224000 |
Rochester | United States | 222400 | 1116000 |
Akron | United States | 218100 | 218100 |
Scottsdale | United States | 214200 | 214200 |
Madison | United States | 211000 | 211000 |
Fremont | United States | 209500 | 209500 |
Augusta-Richmond | United States | 208900 | 208900 |
Fort Wayne | United States | 208900 | 208900 |
Lubbock | United States | 207200 | 207200 |
Chesapeake | United States | 204800 | 204800 |
Montgomery | United States | 203800 | 203800 |
Richmond | United States | 203400 | 994300 |
Shreveport | United States | 201800 | 201800 |
Paradise | United States | 201500 | 201500 |
Mobile | United States | 201200 | 553800 |
Glendale | United States | 200800 | 200800 |
Spokane | United States | 200800 | 200800 |
Des Moines | United States | 200500 | 200500 |
Grand Rapids | United States | 199700 | 1088100 |
Irving | United States | 199000 | 199000 |
Tacoma | United States | 198700 | 198700 |
Yonkers | United States | 198400 | 198400 |
Reno | United States | 195400 | 195400 |
Huntington Beach | United States | 195300 | 195300 |
Arlington | United States | 194800 | 194800 |
Columbus | United States | 194800 | 194800 |
Modesto | United States | 194500 | 194500 |
Durham | United States | 193600 | 193600 |
Boise City | United States | 192700 | 421800 |
Orlando | United States | 192600 | 1587500 |
Winston-Salem | United States | 192300 | 192300 |
San Bernardino | United States | 190900 | 190900 |
Henderson | United States | 189900 | 189900 |
Salt Lake City | United States | 188000 | 1677500 |
Jackson | United States | 187300 | 187300 |
Chandler | United States | 186600 | 186600 |
Little Rock | United States | 186500 | 369700 |
Newport News | United States | 185200 | 185200 |
Laredo | United States | 183300 | 183300 |
Amarillo | United States | 180300 | 180300 |
Chula Vista | United States | 178800 | 178800 |
Knoxville | United States | 178100 | 695100 |
Providence | United States | 176500 | 176500 |
Oxnard | United States | 175500 | 175500 |
Worcester | United States | 175100 | 175100 |
Garden Grove | United States | 170100 | 170100 |
Sunrise Manor | United States | 169000 | 169000 |
Tempe | United States | 167600 | 167600 |
Dayton | United States | 167000 | 991500 |
Oceanside | United States | 165800 | 165800 |
Ontario | United States | 162700 | 162700 |
Huntsville | United States | 160000 | 160000 |
Chattanooga | United States | 159300 | 159300 |
Fort Lauderdale | United States | 157800 | 157800 |
Tallahassee | United States | 156000 | 156000 |
Salinas | United States | 155600 | 155600 |
Santa Clarita | United States | 155600 | 155600 |
Springfield | United States | 154300 | 154300 |
Pomona | United States | 153900 | 153900 |
Springfield | United States | 153800 | 153800 |
Rockford | United States | 152100 | 152100 |
Santa Rosa | United States | 152000 | 152000 |
Paterson | United States | 151800 | 151800 |
Lakewood | United States | 151500 | 151500 |
Overland Park | United States | 151000 | 151000 |
Hampton | United States | 150600 | 150600 |
Syracuse | United States | 149100 | 758000 |
Kansas City | United States | 148800 | 148800 |
Irvine | United States | 147400 | 147400 |
Vancouver | United States | 147400 | 147400 |
Metairie | United States | 147300 | 147300 |
Pasadena | United States | 147100 | 147100 |
Moreno Valley | United States | 146600 | 146600 |
Brownsville | United States | 145100 | 145100 |
Aurora | United States | 144900 | 144900 |
Hollywood | United States | 144300 | 144300 |
Hayward | United States | 144200 | 144200 |
Pembroke Pines | United States | 142300 | 142300 |
Torrance | United States | 142100 | 142100 |
Bridgeport | United States | 141300 | 141300 |
Eugene | United States | 141300 | 141300 |
Salem | United States | 140300 | 140300 |
Warren | United States | 139600 | 139600 |
Pasadena | United States | 137900 | 137900 |
Escondido | United States | 137600 | 137600 |
Savannah | United States | 137500 | 137500 |
Sunnyvale | United States | 135700 | 135700 |
Fontana | United States | 132800 | 132800 |
Orange | United States | 132700 | 132700 |
Grand Prairie | United States | 132300 | 132300 |
Alexandria | United States | 131900 | 131900 |
Rancho Cucamonga | United States | 131600 | 131600 |
Naperville | United States | 130100 | 130100 |
Fullerton | United States | 129800 | 129800 |
Mesquite | United States | 129300 | 129300 |
Corona | United States | 128700 | 128700 |
East Los Angeles | United States | 128000 | 128000 |
Spring Valley | United States | 127100 | 127100 |
Flint | United States | 126100 | 126100 |
Sterling Heights | United States | 125700 | 125700 |
Concord | United States | 125400 | 125400 |
Sioux Falls | United States | 125400 | 125400 |
Fayetteville | United States | 125300 | 125300 |
New Haven | United States | 125200 | 125200 |
Fort Collins | United States | 124700 | 124700 |
Topeka | United States | 124000 | 124000 |
Evansville | United States | 123400 | 123400 |
Hartford | United States | 123100 | 123100 |
Elizabeth | United States | 122600 | 122600 |
Lancaster | United States | 122300 | 122300 |
Cedar Rapids | United States | 121900 | 121900 |
Coral Springs | United States | 121700 | 121700 |
Thousand Oaks | United States | 120500 | 120500 |
Abilene | United States | 120400 | 120400 |
Lansing | United States | 120300 | 120300 |
Vallejo | United States | 120300 | 120300 |
Palmdale | United States | 120200 | 120200 |
Columbia | United States | 119500 | 533900 |
El Monte | United States | 119400 | 119400 |
Stamford | United States | 118500 | 118500 |
Beaumont | United States | 118200 | 118200 |
Waco | United States | 118100 | 118100 |
Gilbert | United States | 115900 | 115900 |
Inglewood | United States | 115900 | 115900 |
Ann Arbor | United States | 115100 | 115100 |
Independence | United States | 115000 | 115000 |
Simi Valley | United States | 114700 | 114700 |
Peoria | United States | 114500 | 114500 |
Peoria | United States | 114500 | 114500 |
Carrollton | United States | 113800 | 113800 |
Springfield | United States | 112900 | 112900 |
Clearwater | United States | 112700 | 112700 |
West Valley City | United States | 112700 | 112700 |
Bellevue | United States | 112500 | 112500 |
Costa Mesa | United States | 112000 | 112000 |
Lafayette | United States | 111200 | 111200 |
MacAllen | United States | 110500 | 1058400 |
Downey | United States | 110500 | 110500 |
Manchester | United States | 110100 | 110100 |
South Bend | United States | 109400 | 109400 |
Provo | United States | 108800 | 108800 |
Waterbury | United States | 108600 | 108600 |
West Covina | United States | 108200 | 108200 |
Wichita Falls | United States | 108200 | 108200 |
Joliet | United States | 107600 | 107600 |
Arvada | United States | 107400 | 107400 |
Pueblo | United States | 107300 | 107300 |
Allentown | United States | 107000 | 107000 |
Daly City | United States | 106700 | 106700 |
Lowell | United States | 106700 | 106700 |
Norwalk | United States | 106400 | 106400 |
Athens-Clarke | United States | 106100 | 106100 |
Westminster | United States | 106100 | 106100 |
Clarksville | United States | 106000 | 106000 |
Cape Coral | United States | 105900 | 105900 |
Berkeley | United States | 105800 | 105800 |
Santa Clara | United States | 105400 | 105400 |
Gary | United States | 104300 | 104300 |
Erie | United States | 104100 | 104100 |
San Buenaventura | United States | 103900 | 103900 |
Green Bay | United States | 103700 | 103700 |
Portsmouth | United States | 103400 | 103400 |
Burbank | United States | 103300 | 103300 |
Cambridge | United States | 102800 | 102800 |
Richmond | United States | 102200 | 102200 |
Macon | United States | 101700 | 101700 |
Livonia | United States | 101500 | 101500 |
Other reference Information
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United States: Infrastructure
Telephones - main lines in use | 181,599,900 (2003) | Telephones - mobile cellular | 158.722 million (2003) | Roadways (km) | total: 6,393,603 km paved: 4,180,053 km (including 74,406 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,213,550 km (2003) |
United States: Health
Life expectancy at birth (years) | total population: 77.71 years male: 74.89 years female: 80.67 years (2005 est.) | Infant mortality rate | 6.5 deaths/1,000 live births | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) | 0.6% (2003 est.) |
United States
: References & Data Sources
Environment, Land use / Resources, Economy, Population / Demographics, Infrastructure, Health -- CIA World Factbook, 2005
Forest Cover, Forest types, Breakdown of forest types, Change in Forest Cover, Primary forests, Forest designation, Disturbances affecting forest land, Value of forests, Production, trade and consumption of forest products -- The FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS's Global Forest Resources Assessment (2005 & 2010) and the State of the World's Forests (2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001)
Protected Areas, Plant and animal biodiversity -- United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 2004. World Database on Protected Areas.
Biosphere reservers -- United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - Man and Biosphere Program. 2004. UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory.
RAMSAR sites -- The Bureau of the Convention on Wetlands . 2005. The Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance.
World Resources Institute's EarthTrends web site
The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Population Data -- United Nations Population Fund
With additional analysis by Rhett Butler of mongabay.com
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